Differences in Leaf Morphology and Related Gene Expression between Diploid and Tetraploid Birch (Betula pendula)

Zhang, Xiaoyue; Chen, Kun; Wang, Wei; Yang, Chuanping; Jiang, Jing

doi:10.3390/ijms232112966

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Smaller plant sizes in tetraploid than diploid were also reported in Triticum monococcum and apples [35][36][37]. Slower growth with short but thick stems and large leaves was reported in autotetraploid britch, poplus, and eucalyptus tree species [3,38,39]. Ren et al [40], Corneillie et al [33], and Rosellini et al [41] described this shorter but thicker stem as being due to shorter but wider cells in tetraploid compared to its diploid counterpart.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Polyploidization Impact on Plant Architecture of Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus)

Mahmud,

Zhu,

Kaseb

et al. 2024

Horticulturae

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Plant architecture includes traits such as plant height, stem diameter, and branching pattern, which have significant impacts on yield and fruit quality. Polyploidization can bring changes in plant architectural traits in different crops along with other agronomic and biochemical attributes; however, the specific physiological and biochemical mechanisms are still unclear. In this study, we utilized five watermelon lines: ‘91E7’, ‘Zhengzhou No. 3’, ‘Fanzu No. 1’, ‘Shenlong’, and ‘Houlv’, along with their corresponding autopolyploid derivatives (diploid, autotriploid, and autotetraploid) to compare plant architecture differences in different polyploidy watermelon plants. The results showed that the growth habits of diploid, triploid, and tetraploid watermelon plants were noticeably different. Triploid and tetraploid watermelon plants had greater stem diameters and larger leaf sizes. The leaf angle was also larger in polyploid watermelons than in their diploid ancestor lines. Although vine length was significantly higher in diploid watermelon, there was no significant difference in node number, indicating that the short vine length was due to the short internodal length. The major differences between diploid and polyploid watermelon plants were found in the branching pattern, as diploid watermelon lines have more branching compared to their polyploid sister lines. Furthermore, we examined the phytohormone content of diploid, triploid, and tetraploid ‘Fanzu No. 1’. The reasons for the selection of this material are its robust growth and profuse branching habit, which cause visible differences among the ploidy levels. Hormone analysis showed distinct variations in abscisic acid in the nodal and stem regions, gibberellin in the auxiliary bud regions, and brassinosteroids in the apical meristematic regions. The correlation coefficient also strongly correlated these hormones with architecture-related traits. Our findings indicated that gibberellin, ABA, and brassinosteroids might be associated with variations in plant architectural traits like branching, vine length, internodal length, stem thickness, and leaf angle among different ploidy levels of watermelon. The exogenous application of GA3 showed a positive effect on branching, whereas ABA showed a negative effect on branching. The application of brassinosteroid at the apical meristem demonstrated its effect on leaf angle, leaf size, and internodal length. The results of this study can provide a theoretical reference and valuable insights into the link between plant architecture and ploidy levels.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Polyploidization Impact on Plant Architecture of Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus)

Mahmud,

Zhu,

Kaseb

et al. 2024

Horticulturae

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“…In addition, leaf color, wax layer thickness, leaf hair density, and sugarcane leaf thickness are influenced by the clones used [29], [30]. Differences in leaf morphology cause differences in the amount of light received, reflected, and absorbed by the leaves [30]- [35]. Such conditions cause the Fv/Fo, Vj, PI, and Mo values produced by each sugarcane clone to differ in the stem elongation and maturity phases.…”

Section: B Ojip Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Derivate OJIP Variables in Sugarcane to Predict Cane Weight, Sucrose Content, and Sugar Yield

Mahayu,

Murianingrum,

Yulaikah

et al. 2024

Int. J. Adv. Sci. Eng. Inf. Technol.

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The amount of carbohydrates in sugarcane directly results from photosynthesis. This means that we can predict the weight of the cane, sucrose content, and sugar yield by examining the photosynthesis process. One way to measure the amount of photosynthesis is by using chlorophyll fluorescence or the OJIP test. This study aimed to determine the dominant OJIP variable that could predict cane weight, sucrose content, sugar yield, and measurement time. The study was conducted at the Asembagus Experimental Station in Situbondo Regency, East Java, Indonesia, from December 2016 to October 2017 using two-bud stem cuttings from 18 sugarcane clones and arranged them in a Randomized Block Design with three replications. Each clone in one replication was planted in five rows, each row being five meters long, and the center-to-center distance was 130 cm. OJIP variables were measured during the stalk elongation phase and the maturity phase. The results showed that sugarcane clones influenced OJIP variables other than Fv/Fm, cane weight, sucrose content, and sugar yield. The most accurate time for measuring OJIP variables was during the maturity phase. The dominant OJIP variables that could predict cane weight and sugar yield were TRo/RC, DIo/CS, ABS/RC, and PI (79.4% and 76.0%). The dominant predictors of yield were RC/CSo, RC/CSm, DIo/CS, PI, ABS/RC, and ETo/RC (92.9%). This study found that measuring OJIP variables during the maturity phase is ideal for predicting cane weight, sucrose content, and sugar yield. The OJIP test can quickly identify high-yielding sugarcane varieties.

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“…Some species have been further explored for the possible causes of polyploid leaf changes. Cytology and gene expression analyses revealed that the leaf magnification of the Betula pendula tetraploid was related to cell expansion rather than cell number [39]. Thus, investigating the phenotypic variation of S. pohuashanensis tetraploids, especially leaf morphology, can help us better understand the variation in plant characteristics caused by polyploidization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tetraploid Induction with Leaf Morphology and Sunburn Variation in Sorbus pohuashanensis (Hance) Hedl

Zhang

et al. 2023

Forests

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Sorbus pohuashanensis (Hance) Hedl. is an important forestry species valued for its ornamental, medicinal, and ecological properties. Polyploidy breeding is an important method of germplasm innovation; however, polyploidy induction and phenotypic variation caused by chromosome doubling in S. pohuashanensis are poorly understood. In this study, S. pohuashanensis seeds were used to explore the effects of different colchicine concentrations, cold stratification times, and seeds from different sources on polyploidy induction. Ploidy levels of the regenerated plants were determined by flow cytometry. The results showed that the tetraploid induction effect of S. pohuashanensis seeds was significantly affected by colchicine concentration, and the highest tetraploid induction rate of 24.75% was achieved by immersion in 0.2% (w/v) colchicine for 48 h. After 2 years of induction, 77 tetraploid plants were obtained. Compared to diploids, tetraploid plants showed significant variations in plant height, leaf morphology (apical leaflet width, middle leaflet width), and diameter of the middle petiole. The stomatal size and chloroplast number increased with chromosome doubling whereas the stomatal number and density decreased. In addition, significant differences in the percentage of sunburn associated with ploidy changes were observed. This study provides a technique for tetraploid induction of S. pohuashanensis seeds, showing the variation in traits caused by polyploidization and the effect of chromosome doubling on sunburn resistance. Tetraploidy induction provides a new direction for S. pohuashanensis germplasm innovation.

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Differences in Leaf Morphology and Related Gene Expression between Diploid and Tetraploid Birch (Betula pendula)

Cited by 9 publications

References 54 publications

Polyploidization Impact on Plant Architecture of Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus)

Polyploidization Impact on Plant Architecture of Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus)

Derivate OJIP Variables in Sugarcane to Predict Cane Weight, Sucrose Content, and Sugar Yield

Tetraploid Induction with Leaf Morphology and Sunburn Variation in Sorbus pohuashanensis (Hance) Hedl

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