Differences in perceived threat and trauma in children during the Covid-19 pandemic

Abstract

Background The past two years of the COVID-19 pandemic were stressful to most children and adolescents, and some of the children may have experienced a high level of stress and trauma. To date, no study has examined differences in self-reported stress and trauma levels due to COVID-19 in children. This study aimed to assess the differences between perceived threat, exposure and trauma symptoms in children aged 7–13 years. In addition, we explored whether parent-reported factors could predict a higher risk of COVID-19 vulnerability in their children. Method Cross-sectional data from 752 children were assessed with regard to COVID-19 threat and exposure and trauma symptoms using the self- and parent-reported CATS Trauma questionnaire. We used exploratory data analysis methods (factor analysis of mixed data and hierarchical clustering) to identify subgroups (i.e. clusters) of children sharing similar characteristics in the data set. Linear regression modelling was applied to determine the likelihood of higher threat and vulnerability in children with parent-reported COVID-19 threat, exposure, CATS trauma symptoms and behaviour using the child behaviour checklist (CBCL). Results We identified a high-risk group of children reporting clinically relevant trauma symptoms and COVID-19 related fears. Parents’ reports of trauma could identify these. Conclusions In about 25% of children clinical relevant trauma symptoms and threat are present. It is especially important to offer adequate support to ease the trauma and prevent development into further psychopathology.

Self-perceived impact of COVID-19 measures and adolescent mental health: gender, age and socioeconomic differences in 22 Countries

“…Hence, we suggest that primary health care, local communities and schools should provide mental health care and necessary information not only on mental health problems, but also on access to mental health care for both parents and children. Considering the challenges faced by adolescents from low-income households in accessing mental health services, it is posited that the provision of mental health care in environments like schools could yield notable e cacy (59). In conclusion, adolescents are able to re ect on measures that impact their health and, therefore, should be involved in the decision-making process by ensuring that the unique challenges of adolescents are considered and adequately addressed in policies, thus enhancing inclusive governance and an investment in creating an informed and engaged youth for the future.…”