Differences in Physical Fitness and Body Composition Between Active and Sedentary Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Mateo-Orcajada, Adrián; González-Gálvez, Noelia; Cano, Lucía Abenza; Vaquero-Cristóbal, Raquel

doi:10.1007/s10964-021-01552-7

Cited by 28 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…High motor competence, on the other hand, enables children to engage in more physical activity over time, which enhances physical fitness and facilitates the maintenance of a healthy body weight. Accordingly, a recent review showed significantly higher fitness levels and lower body weight, and particularly body fat, in active compared to inactive adolescents [ 50 ]. The fact that low physical activity tracks from childhood into adolescence and adulthood [ 51 ], and increases the risk for various health problems later in life [ 52 ], further emphasizes the need for early intervention strategies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Body Weight and Physical Fitness during the Elementary School Years

Drenowatz

Chen

Cocca

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Physical fitness and body weight are key correlates of health. Nevertheless, an increasing number of children display poor physical fitness and high body weight. The aim of this study was to examine the prospective association of physical fitness with body weight throughout the elementary school years with a special emphasis on children with high body weight or poor physical fitness at baseline. A total of 303 Austrian children (55.1% male) completed the German motor test up to eight times over a 4-year time span (between the ages 6 and 10 years). Physical fitness did not differ across quartiles of body weight at baseline. A more pronounced weight gain, however, was associated with an impaired development of physical fitness and this association was more pronounced in children with higher baseline body weight. In addition, the detrimental effects of an impaired development of physical fitness on subsequent body weight were more pronounced in children with higher baseline body weight. No differences in the longitudinal association between body weight and physical fitness, on the other hand, were observed across quartiles of baseline fitness. These results emphasize the importance of the promotion of physical fitness, particularly in children with increased body weight, to ensure future health.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Body Weight and Physical Fitness during the Elementary School Years

Drenowatz

Chen

Cocca

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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“…Although scientific research conducted to date has demonstrated the importance of the practice of physical activity for adolescents, few studies have analyzed the differences between active and sedentary adolescents, and also have limitations that make it difficult to extrapolate the results to adolescents aged 12–16 years old, such as the use of different methodologies to measure the study variables; the small sample size; the different age ranges; or the inclusion of a disparate number of adolescent boys and girls, or adolescents of only one sex [ 24 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical, Psychological, and Body Composition Differences between Active and Sedentary Adolescents According to the “Fat but Fit” Paradigm

Mateo-Orcajada

Vaquero-Cristóbal

Esparza-Ros

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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The practice of physical activity during adolescence is essential for the proper development of the population. In recent decades, the relevance of physical activity has been increasing, due to the development of the “fat but fit” paradigm. This paradigm shows that adolescents with a high level of physical fitness are healthier than adolescents with poorer physical fitness, regardless of their weight, giving importance to sports practice over other aspects. However, few previous studies have analyzed the differences in physical and body composition between active and sedentary adolescents in this paradigm. For this reason, the objectives of the present study were to establish the differences in body composition, physical performance, and adherence to the Mediterranean diet between active and sedentary adolescents; and to analyze the differences between active and sedentary adolescents according to the “fat but fit” paradigm. The sample consisted of 791 adolescent whose body composition, level of physical activity, adherence to the Mediterranean diet, and physical fitness were measured. It was found significant between active and sedentary adolescents in most of the anthropometric, AMD, and physical fitness variables, with a significant effect of the covariates gender, age, BMI, and biological maturation on the model. The binary logistic regression analysis performed shows that anthropometric variables, AMD, and VO2 max can be considered as primary outcomes to distinguish between active and sedentary groups of adolescents. Furthermore, the results showed that the active adolescents, regardless of their weight status, had lower fat mass and greater muscle mass, as well as a higher performance in the physical fitness tests, and greater adherence to the Mediterranean diet than the sedentary adolescents. To conclude, the practice of physical activity is a determinant for the improvement of body composition, physical performance, and adherence to the Mediterranean diet of the adolescent population, regardless of their gender, age, weight, or maturity status.

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“…Physical inactivity and sedentary behaviors have adverse consequences on physical fitness levels [ 10 ]. Many research studies from different countries showed a worrying decrease of physical activity levels (PAL), associated to a dramatic increase of time spent in sedentary behaviors during and after lockdown [ 11 , 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Change in physical fitness due to the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in French adolescents: a comparison between two independent large samples from Diagnoform battery

Béghin

Torgerson

Baudelet³

et al. 2022

Eur J Pediatr

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Numerous studies reported a significant decline in physical activity level in adolescents as a result of the COVID-19 lockdown. Physical fitness is recognized as a powerful marker of health in youth. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown on health-related physical fitness in French adolescents. Two cross-sectional studies were performed comparing two different groups of French adolescents, before (sample 1) and after the first lockdown (sample 2). A total of 1231 adolescents (aged to 16.5 ± 1.5 years) participated in the two cross-sectional studies. Complete data for physical fitness and anthropometrics data were obtained. Adolescents from sample 2 showed lower physical fitness levels compared to adolescents from sample 1. Regarding physical fitness for boys and girls, physical fitness levels were significantly lower in both sex between adolescents from the sample 1 and adolescents from the sample 2, except for cardiorespiratory fitness and flexibility for boys and girls, respectively. The physical fitness global score was also significantly lower between adolescents from the sample 1 and 2 for boys (−9.8%, p < 0.01) and girls (−16.2%; p < 0.01), respectively. Overall, the higher difference was found for performance in the speed body displacement test (−30%). A difference of 12.8% and 25% was observed for boys and girls, respectively. Conclusion : COVID-19 pandemic lockdown had a negative impact on physical fitness in French youth. This study highlights the need to develop, in a near future, prevention programmes in order to improve the physical fitness in youth. What is Known: • COVID-19 pandemic deeply impacted lifestyle habits. A worrying decrease of physical activity, associated to a dramatic increase of time spent in sedentary behaviors was found in many coutries. What is New: • Our study bring first data on the health-related physical fitness consequences due to lockdown in French adolescents. Our study demonstrate the negative impact of COVID-19 pandemic lockdown on health-related physical fitness in French adolescents.

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Differences in Physical Fitness and Body Composition Between Active and Sedentary Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Cited by 28 publications

References 59 publications

Association of Body Weight and Physical Fitness during the Elementary School Years

Association of Body Weight and Physical Fitness during the Elementary School Years

Physical, Psychological, and Body Composition Differences between Active and Sedentary Adolescents According to the “Fat but Fit” Paradigm

Change in physical fitness due to the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in French adolescents: a comparison between two independent large samples from Diagnoform battery

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