Differences in prevalence, socio-behavioral correlates, and psychosocial distress between club drug and hard drug use in Taiwan: Results from the 2014 National Survey of Substance Use

Chen, Wei-Jen; Wu, Shang Chi; Tsay, Wen-Ing; Chen, Yen-Tyng; Hsiao, Po Chang; Yu, Yang; Ting, Te Tien; Chen, Chuan Yu; Tu, Yu–Kang; Huang, Jiun-Hau; Yang, Hsiao-Ching; Li, Chung‐Yi; Strong, Carol; Yen, Cheng Fang; Yen, Chia Feng; Hsu, John R. C.

doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2017.07.003

Cited by 52 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…In Japan, although ketamine has been controlled under the Narcotic and Psychotropic Substances Control Law since 2007, it has not yet been identified as a problem there. With the prevalence rate of 2.4% (2015) in Japan, its illegal drug use problem seems to be greater than that (1.29% in 2014) in Taiwan . Methamphetamine and cannabis were the predominant drugs in all three countries, but ketamine was mainly used in Taiwan.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of legislative management for new psychoactive substances control among Taiwan, South Korea, and Japan

Feng

Wada²,

Chung

et al. 2019

The Kaohsiung J of Med Scie

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For decades, the three United Nations drug conventions have served as the basis for member states' obligations and international cooperation on drug control. However, the emergence of new psychoactive substances (NPSs) poses a new risk to public health and a challenge to drug policy because of their unknown toxicological effects and easy modification of chemical structures to shun legal control. So far, there is no international consensus on legislative control of NPSs. Therefore, we compared the legislative management on NPS control among Taiwan, South Korea, and Japan.Drug-related information was obtained from the authorities of these three countries.The results indicate that despite geographic proximity and similar legal attitudes toward illegal drug use, the legislative criteria, and responses for NPS control in these three countries were quite different. Ketamine has been the major used NPS in Taiwan but seldom found in South Korea and Japan. The difference in the number of controlled NPSs in Taiwan (91) and South Korea (245) might be due to the implementation of temporary designation systems and analog controls in South Korea. The recent surge of newly controlled NPSs in Japan was because of the promulgation of designated drug regulation and subsequent control of "dangerous drugs." Although NPS use has become a potential social and medical problem among these three countries, the outcomes of NPS legislation control remain to be scrutinized. To minimize harm from NPS use, development of legislative mechanism(s) on NPS scheduling is the first step for early identification and control of NPS problems. K E Y W O R D SJapan, new psychoactive substance (NPS) legislation, South Korea, Taiwan

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of legislative management for new psychoactive substances control among Taiwan, South Korea, and Japan

Feng

Wada²,

Chung

et al. 2019

The Kaohsiung J of Med Scie

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“…It is noteworthy that the contrast between female early sexual initiators and female nonearly sexual initiators seemed to be less disadvantaged in terms of education (less difference in educational level), employment (greater proportion holding a full-time job), and substance use (less increase in prevalences) than the contrast between their male counterparts. Since females in Taiwan typically have a much lower prevalence of tobacco smoking or problematic alcohol drinking than males [ 32 ], the criteria of alcohol- and tobacco-using might thus recruit a special subgroup of females with economic affordability for regular use of these two substances. Furthermore, female early sexual initiators were significantly younger than female nonearly sexual initiators, whereas male early sexual initiators were not different in age from male nonearly sexual initiators.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For this study, variables on substance/drug use included the following: (1) regular binge drinking: defined as five or more units of alcohol in one setting “almost every time” or “every time”; and (2) illicit drugs, including those commonly reported in previous studies in Taiwan: ketamine, ecstasy, cannabis, methamphetamine, heroin, FM2 (flunitrazepam), angel dust (phencyclidine), and GHB (4-hydroxybutanoic acid). Following Chen et al, [ 32 ] illicit drugs were categorized as (a) hard drugs, including heroin and methamphetamine, which are classified as Schedule I and II controlled drugs, respectively, in Taiwan, or (b) club drugs, including ecstasy, ketamine, cannabis, FM2, phencyclidine, and GHB, which are classified as Schedule III controlled drugs in Taiwan except cannabis and ecstasy (classified as Schedule II).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An increasing popularity of ketamine, ecstasy, and marijuana has been consistently found among school-attending adolescents in national surveys from 2004 to 2006 [ 29 ], as well as among alcohol- and tobacco-using young adults recruited via social network from 2007 to 2010 [ 30 , 31 ]. The most recent 2014 national survey in Taiwan found that the prevalence estimates of club (or party) drugs (mainly ketamine, marijuana, and ecstasy) were slightly higher than hard drugs (mainly methamphetamine and heroin), and that club drug users were different from hard drug users in socio-behavioral correlates and psychosocial distress [ 32 ]. With the increasing prevalence of club drug use in Taiwan, it is worthwhile to examine whether the likelihood of risky sexual practices under the influence of these illicit drugs [ 33 ] was increased among its young population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Early sexual initiation and risky sexual practices among alcohol- and tobacco-using young adults in Taiwan: mediation analysis of preceding-sex use of illicit drugs

Ting

Chen

et al. 2020

BMC Public Health

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Background As early sexual initiation is increasingly common in East Asia, we examined its relations to risky sexual practices in alcohol- and tobacco-using individuals in Taiwan and evaluated whether the associations were mediated through preceding-sex use of illicit drugs. Methods Participants, recruited from alcohol- and tobacco-using adults aged 18 to 50 in Taipei through respondent-driven sampling (N = 1115), completed a computer-assisted self-interview covering questions on substance use and sexual experiences. In a subsample of 916 participants who had had sexual experience (median age 27), we examined the relations of early sexual initiation (< 16 years) to multiple sexual partners, casual sex, group sex, and rare condom use. Causal mediation analyses were conducted to examine whether illicit drug use preceding sex mediated these associations. Results Around 9.3% reported early sexual initiation and the prevalence of risky sexual practices ranged from 7% (group sex) to 47% (rare condom use). Early initiators had a higher prevalence of regular binge drinking, illicit drug use, and risky sexual practices. In the multivariable analyses, higher odds of multiple sexual partners, casual sex, and group sex were consistently associated with early sexual initiation, gender, and their interaction. Mediation through preceding-sex use of illicit drugs was found between early sexual initiation and the three risky sexual practices, with the proportions mediated ranging from 17 to 19%. Conclusions Early sexual initiators were more likely to engage in risky sexual practices and preceding-sex use of illicit drugs partially explained this relationship, calling for more attention to this population’s sexual health.

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“…In the United States alone, 75.6% of young people under the age of 18 have admitted to use addictive substances (such as cigarettes, alcohol, marijuana and/or cocaine) at least once [2,3]. Recently, drug abuse among Taiwanese adolescents has also been on the rise [4,5], with ketamine, ecstasy and methamphetamine being the most popular illicit drugs [6][7][8]. Substance abuse can lead to serious and harmful complications in young people's lives, including physical illnesses, cognitive impairments, and issues with academic and occupational function, which can cause social burdens and even death in some cases [9,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictors of five-year relapse rates of youths with substance abuse who underwent a family-oriented therapy program

You¹,

Lu²,

Tsai³

et al. 2020

Ann Gen Psychiatry

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Background: Substance abuse among young people has become a serious public health problem for years. The risk of relapse among illicit drug use is essential for developing adequate substance reuse prevention policies. The purpose of the current study is to investigate the potential predictor in long-term relapse rates among young patients that underwent a family-based treatment program. Methods: To perform this study, 103 young patients with substance use (mean age: 16.2 years, 78.6% male) were referred to participate in a 10-week family-based treatment program. At the beginning and at the end of the treatment, the patients were required to fill out the Chinese Craving Beliefs Questionnaire (CCBQ), the Adolescents' Behavior-problem Scale (ABS), and the Family APGAR. Furthermore, the patients' caregivers had to fill out the Family APGAR, the 12-item version of the Chinese Health Questionnaire (CHQ), and the Parenting Stress Index (PSI). All patients were followed up for 5 years in order to observe their long-term outcomes regarding substance use relapse. Results: During the 10-week family-oriented programs, the CCBQ scores, the CHQ scores and the Child-domain of PSI significantly decreased. Better changes in patients' behavioral problems during the treatment program predicted a lesser likelihood of substance use relapse in the subsequent 5 years. Furthermore, methamphetamine or 3,4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine use and living in single-parent families were two factors associated with higher relapse rates. Conclusions: The changes in patients' behavioral problems during the treatment program may serve as a predictor of substance use relapse over the subsequent 5 years. This study's findings provide insight about substance use prevention and serve as a reference for policy-making.

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Differences in prevalence, socio-behavioral correlates, and psychosocial distress between club drug and hard drug use in Taiwan: Results from the 2014 National Survey of Substance Use

Cited by 52 publications

References 42 publications

Comparison of legislative management for new psychoactive substances control among Taiwan, South Korea, and Japan

Comparison of legislative management for new psychoactive substances control among Taiwan, South Korea, and Japan

Early sexual initiation and risky sexual practices among alcohol- and tobacco-using young adults in Taiwan: mediation analysis of preceding-sex use of illicit drugs

Predictors of five-year relapse rates of youths with substance abuse who underwent a family-oriented therapy program

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