Differences in psychophysiological responses due to simulator sickness sensitivity

Abstract

The present study tried to investigate the simulator sickness objectively by observing the change of the simulator sickness for the different level of sickness groups (sick and non-sick group). The subjective evaluations using Simulator Sickness Questionnaire (SSQ) and physiological responses were measured every five minutes when they were driving as 60km/h in the driving graphic simulator. Response level of the subjective evaluation for all subjects on the simulator sickness was linearly increased with time for every item, and the response level of sick group was bigger than that of non-sick group. When the analysis on central nervous system was done separately on the sick and the non-sick group, there was significant difference in the parameter /total at Fz and Cz. Although the analysis on autonomic nervous system for all subjects showed the increased activation of sympathetic nervous system, there was no significant difference between the sick and non-sick group.

Can Simulator Sickness Be Avoided? A Review on Temporal Aspects of Simulator Sickness

“…Another interesting measure is the skin temperature – as observed by Kim et al (2005) , when measured at the fingertip, the skin temperature decreased in the middle of the trial and remained significantly lower than the baseline level even after leaving the VR environment. Such decrease in skin temperature was also observed by Chung et al (2007) and Brooks et al (2010) . Furthermore, according to the results obtained by Kim et al (2005) , the respiratory sinus arrhythmia (a variation in heart rate occurring during breath cycle) increases during VR exposure.…”

“…The correlation with the SSQ score was the strongest for the 𝜃/total parameter ( r = -0.842 at Fz and r = -0.93 at Cz), therefore the authors of the study ( Min et al, 2004 ) propose that it could serve as the most effective physiological indicator of simulator sickness occurrence. This proposal was also supported by Chung et al (2007) .…”

“…As a measure of the central nervous system activation, EEG has been used in some of the studies ( Min et al, 2004 ; Chung et al, 2007 ). According to the results obtained by Min et al (2004) , there are significant differences in brainwaves patterns between rest and driving in a driving simulator.…”

Driving Simulator Sickness: An Evidence-Based Review of the Literature

“…Early signs of SS include pallor, restlessness, and cold sweat and can progress to nausea, excessive salivating and, finally, vomiting. Researchers have attributed many of these symptoms to the function of the autonomic nervous system and increased activation of the sympathetic nervous system (Chung et al, 2006). The degree of symptoms that result from an acute exposure to provocative stimuli varies with the intensity of the stimulus and the person's susceptibility (i.e., past history of motion sickness) to this condition (Hutchins & Kennedy, 1965).…”

Simulator sickness and the <i>Simulator Sickness Questionnaire</i> in Polish practice. A study involving professional drivers subject to compulsory initial and periodic qualification courses

“…teorią konfliktu sensorycznego (neural mismatch model) [21,27], teorią ruchu gałek ocznych [28] lub brakiem ewolucyjnego przystosowania ludzi do realnego i symulowanego ruchu [29]. Jej objawy przypisywano czynności autonomicznego układu nerwowego i zwiększonej aktywacji współczulnego układu nerwowego [22]. Ponadto sugerowano, że wszystkie objawy choroby symulatorowej są wynikiem nieprawidłowo prowadzonej symulacji [30−33] oraz wykazano, że uprzednie doświadczenie w grach komputerowych może zmniejszać lub zwiększać negatywne odczucia w czasie użytkowania symulatora [34−36].…”