Differences in race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status in schoolchildren dispensed injectable epinephrine in 3 Massachusetts school districts

Early Treatment of Food-Induced Anaphylaxis with Epinephrine Is Associated with a Lower Risk of Hospitalization

“…Similarly, a prior study reported that white children were 5 times more likely than nonwhite children to be dispensed epinephrine autoinjector for peanut or tree nut allergies. 18 We were not able to assess the insurance status in this population; however, children with Medicaid also have been reported to be less likely to receive epinephrine before arrival to the ED than patients with private insurance or self-pay groups. 16 As a result, it remains an important possibility that both racial and socioeconomic disparities could influence longterm management of food allergies, and further studies are needed to determine specific areas for improvement.…”

Anaphylaxis and vitamin D: A role for the sunshine hormone?

“…Other investigators have shown a striking association of socioeconomic status and ethnicity with the rate of occurrence of anaphylaxis. 15,16 For example, in a study from the United Kingdom, rates of hospital admissions for anaphylaxis were significantly lower in the north (latitude 568) than in the south (latitude 508), and this was attributed in part to socioeconomic variations between these regions. Moreover, in a recent study of socioeconomic, racial, and ethnic factors in Massachusetts schools, minority children with peanut, tree nut, or stinging insect allergy received significantly fewer epinephrine dispensings than their white counterparts.…”

Anaphylaxis management plans for the acute and long-term management of anaphylaxis: A systematic review

“…22 Facilitators and barriers to the use of AMPs Although these are, to an extent, context specific, lack of knowledge and skills among parents, schools, and professionals in recognizing symptoms, administering epinephrine, and long-term management were recurrent themes in the literature. 20,33,34,36,40,41 Training and education have been identified as effective but only with regular reinforcement. 19,22,31 There also appears to be a lack of national guidelines for schools and concerns about indemnity issues in both school and work settings.…”

“…[17][18][19][20][21][22][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43] Most were epidemiologic and qualitative studies describing aspects of the content, use, and accessibility of AMPs. 19,21,22,[31][32][33][34][35][36][37][39][40][41][42][43] Although some did seek to assess the effectiveness of AMPs, 17,18,20,43 none used rigorous experimental designs. 26 …”