Differences in relative growth rate in 11 grasses correlate with differences in chemical composition as determined by pyrolysis mass spectrometry

Niemann, Gerard J.; Pureveen, J.; Eijkel, Gert B.; Poorter, Hendrik; Boon, Jaap J.

doi:10.1007/bf00317165

Cited by 69 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 20 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Earlier studies showed that species with a high RGR,,,.,^ eontain more cytoplasm and showed that species with a high SLM contain more chemical compounds with a high carbon concentration (Niemann et al, 1992;Van Arendonk & Poorter 1994). Our results do not show a .significant difference in carbon concentration between the fast-and slow-growing species growing with free access to nitrate (RGRmax- fig.8b).…”

Section: Carbon Concentration and Anatomymentioning

confidence: 41%

“…The low SLA of slowgrowing species is associated with more non-veinal sclerenchymatic cells, relatively small epidermal cells (Van Arendonk & Poorter 1994), a low leaf water content and a higli leaf mass density (Garnier & Laurent 1994;Ryser & Lambers 1995). Chemically, low SLA is associated with a comparatively high ratio of cell wall components to cytoplasmic compounds (Niemann et al 1992;Van Arendonk & Poorter 1994), which might be the cause of a higher leaf mass density.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Effects of nitrogen supply on the anatomy and chemical composition of leaves of four grass species belonging to the genus Poa, as determined by image‐processing analysis and pyrolysis–mass spectrometry

Arendonk

Niemann

Boon

et al. 1997

Plant Cell & Environment

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Previous experiments have shown that the anatomy and chemical composition of leaves of inherently fast‐ and slow‐growing grass species, grown at non‐limiting nitrogen supply, differ systematically. The present experiment was carried out to investigate whether these differences persist when the plants are grown at an intermediate or a very low nitrogen supply. To this end, the inherently fast‐growing Poa annua L. and Poa trivialis L., and the inherently slow‐growing Poa compressa L. and Poa pratensis (L.) Schreb. were grown hydroponically at three levels of nitrate supply: at optimum (RGRmax) and at relative addition rates of 100 and 50 mmol N (mol N)−1 d−1 (RAR100 and RAR50), respectively. As expected, at the lowest N supply, the potentially fast‐growing species grew at the same rate as the inherently slow‐growing ones. Similarly, the differences in leaf area ratio (LAR, leaf area:total dry mass), specific leaf area (SLA, leaf arear:leaf dry mass) and leaf mass ratio (LMR, leaf dry mass:total dry mass) disappeared. Under optimal conditions, the fast‐growing species differed from the slow‐growing ones in that they had a higher N concentration. There were no significant differences in C concentration. With decreasing N supply, the total N concentration decreased and the differences between the species disappeared. The total C concentration increased for the fast‐growing species and decreased for the slow‐growing ones, i.e. the small, but insignificant, difference in C concentration between the species at RGRmax increased with decreasing N supply. The chemical composition of the leaves at low N supply, analysed in more detail by pyrolysis–mass spectrometry, showed an increase in the relative amounts of guaiacyl lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose, whereas those of syringyl lignin and protein decreased. The anatomy and morphology of the leaves of the four grass species differing in RGRmax were analysed by image‐processing analysis. The proportion of the total volume occupied by mesophyll plus intercellular spaces and epidermis did not correlate with the amount of leaf mass per unit leaf area (specific leaf mass, SLM) at different N supply. The higher SLM at low N supply was caused partly by a high proportion of non‐veinal sclerenchymatic cells per cross‐section and partly by the smaller volume of epidermal cells. We conclude that the decrease in relative growth rate (and increase in SLM) at decreasing N supply is partly due to chemical and anatomical changes. The differences between the fast‐ and slow‐growing grass species at an optimum nutrient supply diminished when plants were growing at a limiting nitrogen supply.

show abstract

Section: Carbon Concentration and Anatomymentioning

confidence: 41%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of nitrogen supply on the anatomy and chemical composition of leaves of four grass species belonging to the genus Poa, as determined by image‐processing analysis and pyrolysis–mass spectrometry

Arendonk

Niemann

Boon

et al. 1997

Plant Cell & Environment

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For proteins we recently published a number of marker fragment ions [43 ] additional to specific ones such as presented before [37,39,40 ]. In the present work major changes in proteins were not found.…”

Section: Carnationmentioning

confidence: 48%

“…Interpretation of PyMS spectra Lists of specific marker fragments for the different plant polymers and other constituents have been presented before [22,37,39,40,43 ]. Therefore, only the ions mentioned in the text and those shown in the figures are mentioned, and where necessary their validity as marker ion will be discussed.…”

Section: Carnationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in chemical composition related to fungal infection and induced resistance in carnation and radish investigated by pyrolysis mass spectrometry

Steijl

Niemann

Boon

1999

Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Pseudomonas fluorescens WCR 417r induces systemic resistance in radish roots challenged by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. raphani and, incidentally, in carnation stems challenged by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthi. The induced systemic resistance is not associated with accumulation of pathogenesis-related proteins (PRs) or, at least in case of radish, with increased peroxidase activity. We tested whether the induced systemic resistance might be associated with changes in the host cell wall composition. Cell wall degradation, using pyrolysis mass spectrometry, was demonstrated on fungal infection in carnation and probably in radish as well. Lignin was found to be demethoxylated, oxidized and depolymerized. In carnation both syringyl and guaiacyl lignin were broken down. In radish root probably mainly syringyl lignin was degraded. Cellulose and hemicellulose were degraded in carnation and possibly in radish. Bacterization with P. fluorescens WCS 417r prior to fungal infection reduced such cell wall degradation, consistent with its resistance inducing action. In the case of the radish roots it seems very improbable that this reduction is a necessary component of the induced fungal resistance. For carnation it remains to be investigated.

show abstract

“…For instance, Dactylis glomerata L., a perennial grass species, is known to compensate for the effects of disturbance by rapid growth rates (Gross et al 2007a). Conversely, characteristics that promote adaptation to low productivity habitats are associated with low palatability (Niemann et al 1992;Perez-Harguindeguy et al 2003), which is a mechanism of resistance to defoliation, as defined by Briske (1996). Therefore, chemical composition traits (e.g.…”

Section: Grass Strategies To Tolerate or Compensate For Cutting/largementioning

confidence: 99%

Grass strategies and grassland community responses to environmental drivers: a review

Pontes

Maire

Schellberg

et al. 2015

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Grassland covers about one quarter of the Earth's land area and is currently estimated to contribute to the livelihoods of over 800 million people. Grassland provides ecosystem goods and services, mainly through the provisioning of milk and meat. Therefore, the proper use of grasslands will be essential for feeding the nine billion people that will inhabit planet Earth by 2050. In the context of a changing climate, we should better understand the interactions of environment, management and grass crop at individual, community and ecosystem levels. Functional ecology focuses on the roles and functions that species play in the community or ecosystem in which they occur. Functional ecology thus aims to understand how plant species adapt to environmental conditions and how management can alter this adaptation. Here, we review the latest advances in plant functional traits research and on species strategies to the main environmental factors occurring in grassland ecosystems: nutrient availability, grazing, cutting and shading. Functional ecology also provides a framework to better understand how species strategies interact with the species composition at the community level. Therefore, the literature on community assembling theories in relation to ecosystem processes most relevant to grassland management and services is also reviewed. Finally, future research questions and some new orientations for grassland experts are offered in order to meet the challenge of maintaining productivity and preservation of these semi-natural environments in the face of global change.

show abstract

Differences in relative growth rate in 11 grasses correlate with differences in chemical composition as determined by pyrolysis mass spectrometry

Cited by 69 publications

References 20 publications

Effects of nitrogen supply on the anatomy and chemical composition of leaves of four grass species belonging to the genus Poa, as determined by image‐processing analysis and pyrolysis–mass spectrometry

Effects of nitrogen supply on the anatomy and chemical composition of leaves of four grass species belonging to the genus Poa, as determined by image‐processing analysis and pyrolysis–mass spectrometry

Changes in chemical composition related to fungal infection and induced resistance in carnation and radish investigated by pyrolysis mass spectrometry

Grass strategies and grassland community responses to environmental drivers: a review

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About