Differences in rhizosphere microbial communities between native and non‐native <i>Phragmites australis</i> may depend on stand density

Bickford, Wesley A.; Zak, Donald R.; Kowalski, Kurt P.; Goldberg, Deborah E.

doi:10.1002/ece3.6811

Cited by 19 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Our experimental results are also in agreement with the only other PSF experiment on Phragmites (Allen et al, 2018) and previous surveys in the same region (Bickford et al, 2018, 2020), showing weak PSF magnitude and negligible evidence of differential microbial community cultivation (no differences in bacterial, fungal, or oomycete communities in roots or rhizosphere) in field conditions. This agreement gives us confidence that PSFs are not the primary driver of non‐native Phragmites ’ advantage over native Phragmites , at least in North American Great Lakes populations.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…See Appendix S1: Table S3 for specific primer sequences and PCR conditions. We did not identify oomycete communities in soils due to the lack of community differences and low phylogenetic resolution obtained from small amplicons of oomycetes, which we have previously documented in these soils (Bickford et al, 2020). All PCR reactions were performed in triplicate using Phusion High Fidelity DNA Polymerase and master mix (New England BioLabs, Massachusetts, USA).…”

Section: Soil Molecular Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further, Phragmites is often considered an ecosystem engineer, altering its surroundings (Cui et al, 2019; Saltonstall & Meyerson, 2016). As such, it is plausible that differences in rhizosphere communities between native and non‐native Phragmites may be a consequence of soil micro‐environmental changes (e.g., differential aeration) caused by invasion, rather than the driver of invasion itself (Bickford et al, 2020). Most studies of the effect components have surveyed rhizosphere soil, but recent studies have found that foliar fungi (Allen et al, 2020) and root endophyte communities (Gonzalez Mateu et al, 2020) differed between Phragmites lineages along the East Coast of the United States; conversely, root endophyte communities of bacteria, fungi, and oomycetes did not differ between lineages of Phragmites in the Great Lakes region of North America (Bickford et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Plant effects on and response to soil microbes in native and non‐nativePhragmites australis

Bickford

Goldberg

Zak

et al. 2022

Ecological Applications

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Plant–soil feedbacks (PSFs) mediate plant community dynamics and may plausibly facilitate plant invasions. Microbially mediated PSFs are defined by plant effects on soil microbes and subsequent changes in plant performance (responses), both positive and negative. For microbial interactions to benefit invasive plants disproportionately, native and invasive plants must either (1) have different effects on and responses to soil microbial communities or (2) only respond differently to similar microbial communities. In other words, invasive plants do not need to cultivate different microbial communities than natives if they respond differently to them. However, effects and responses are not often explored separately, making it difficult to determine the underlying causes of performance differences. We performed a reciprocal‐transplant PSF experiment with multiple microbial inhibition treatments to determine how native and non‐native lineages of Phragmites australis affect and respond to soil bacteria, fungi, and oomycetes. Non‐native Phragmites is a large, fast‐growing, cosmopolitan invasive plant, whereas the North American native variety is comparatively smaller, slower growing, and typically considered a desirable wetland plant. We identified the effects of each plant lineage on soil microbes using DNA meta‐barcoding and linked plant responses to microbial communities. Both Phragmites lineages displayed equally weak, insignificant PSFs. We found evidence of slight differential effects on microbial community composition, but no significant differential plant responses. Soils conditioned by each lineage differed only slightly in bacterial community composition, but not in fungal composition. Additionally, native and non‐native Phragmites lineages did not significantly differ in their response to similar soil microbial communities. Neither lineage appreciably differed when plant biomass was compared between those grown in sterile and live soils. Targeted microbial inhibitor treatments revealed both lineages were negatively impacted by soil bacteria, but the negative response was stronger in non‐native Phragmites. These observations were opposite of expectations from invasion theory and imply that the success of non‐native Phragmites, relative to the native lineage, does not result from its interaction with soil microorganisms. More broadly, quantifying plant effects on, and responses to soil microbes separately provides detailed and nuanced insight into plant‐microbial interactions and their role in invasions, which could inform management outcomes for invasive plants.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Soil Molecular Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Plant effects on and response to soil microbes in native and non‐nativePhragmites australis

Bickford

Goldberg

Zak

et al. 2022

Ecological Applications

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“…A growing number of studies are investigating the below‐ground microbial impacts of Phragmites . Consistent with our finding that Phragmites had weak effects on microbes in freshwater marshes, work from freshwater marshes on the Midwest and East Coast has shown minimal effects of haplotype M on bacteria, fungi and oomycetes (Bickford et al., 2020) and effects of haplotype M on oomycete pathogen composition but mixed effects on oomycete richness (Nelson & Karp, 2013). Another study in freshwater to low salinity marshes on the East Coast showed that haplotype M altered composition of soil archaea, but not bacteria (Yarwood et al., 2016).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Plant and microbial impacts of an invasive species vary across an environmental gradient

et al. 2021

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Invasive plants often successfully occupy large areas encompassing broad environmental gradients in their invaded range, yet how invader dominance and effects on ecological communities vary across the landscape has rarely been explored. Furthermore, while the impacts of invasion on plant communities are well studied, it is not well understood whether responses of above‐ground (plant) and below‐ground (microbial) communities are coupled. Here we test patterns in Phragmites australis (common reed) invasion in a field survey of eight sites situated across a salinity gradient, ranging from freshwater to saline marsh, in Southeast Louisiana. At each site, we surveyed plant composition and used metabarcoding methods to assess soil fungal and bacterial composition in plots within the dense Phragmites stand, in a transition zone of ~50:50 Phragmites:native plants, and in native‐only areas. We hypothesized that Phragmites' abundance and impact on above‐ and below‐ground communities would vary across the salinity gradient and that the responses of above‐ and below‐ground communities to invasion would be coupled. We found weak evidence that invasion varied across the gradient: Phragmites stem densities increased slightly with salinity, and Phragmites increased above‐ground litter accumulation more in fresh and saline areas compared to brackish. We found stronger evidence that plant and microbial responses to invasion varied with salinity. Phragmites strongly reduced native plant density across the gradient, with slightly greater reductions in fresh and saline areas. Plant species richness displayed consistent decreases with invasion across the salinity gradient; however, fungal and bacterial richness increased sharply with invasion only in brackish sites. Furthermore, the effect of Phragmites on plant and microbial community composition became stronger as salinity increased. Plants and microbes exhibited coupled responses to invasion in the magnitude of compositional shifts brought on by Phragmites, but Phragmites' effects on richness were not coupled. Synthesis. Overall, the variability in Phragmites impacts across the gradient, particularly soil microbial impacts, suggests that it may be difficult to generalize invader effects from single‐site or single‐ecosystem studies. However, above‐ and below‐ground communities showed some coupled responses to Phragmites; thus understanding plant community responses to invasion gives insight into impacts occurring below‐ground.

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“…The inference deduced from that correspondence analysis showed that both N-NO 3 and sulfate were the best predictors of the sample's metagenome functional categories by contributing 45.5% and 46.4% variations, respectively (Table 3 and Figure 5). It has been confirmed that environmental factors, most particularly those related to chemical properties, drive soil microbiota diversity and structure [33,34]. It is also reported that the indirect influence of pedological soil properties on soil microbiome metabolic activities is unquantifiable [35].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

The Immense Functional Attributes of Maize Rhizosphere Microbiome: A Shotgun Sequencing Approach

Akinola

Babalola

2021

Agriculture

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The northwest (NW) province of South Africa is a semi-arid area, often disturbed by soil extremes such as drought and intense temperature. However, many functions possessed by the rhizosphere microbiome are still required, especially those inhabiting arid and semi-arid soils. This study involves a metagenomic comparison of the major metabolic attributes of two maize rhizosphere soils and their surrounding soils. Here, we hypothesized that there is a considerable difference between the functional diversity of maize rhizosphere and bulk soils and that the rhizosphere soil has distinct functional traits of agricultural importance. A high-throughput sequencing approach was used to assess the metabolic profile of rhizosphere soil microbiota of maize collected from the Gauteng and NW provinces of South Africa. The relative abundance of 13 functional hit categories was significantly different between the sampling sites. The diversity indices showed a considerable difference between the rhizosphere and surrounding soils. The difference in the chemical properties of the sampling sites was responsible for the variation in the microbial functional composition. Nevertheless, the presence of a high relative abundance of functional categories with unknown functions in SEED subsystem-2 coupled with the large number of functional hits conferring a response to soil stressors viz. oxidative stress, heat shock, osmotic stress, and cold shock noticed in the rhizosphere samples may indicate the presence of novel genes at the sampling sites. Exploring the plant growth-promoting traits of microorganisms present at these sites could eliminate the constraint posed by soil stressors on sustainable agriculture.

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Differences in rhizosphere microbial communities between native and non‐native Phragmites australis may depend on stand density

Cited by 19 publications

References 36 publications

Plant effects on and response to soil microbes in native and non‐nativePhragmites australis

Plant effects on and response to soil microbes in native and non‐nativePhragmites australis

Plant and microbial impacts of an invasive species vary across an environmental gradient

The Immense Functional Attributes of Maize Rhizosphere Microbiome: A Shotgun Sequencing Approach

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