Differences in sarcopenia prevalence between upper-body and lower-body based EWGSOP2 muscle strength criteria: the Tromsø study 2015–2016

Johansson, Jonas; Strand, Bjørn Heine; Morseth, Bente; Hopstock, Laila Arnesdatter; Grimsgaard, Sameline

doi:10.1186/s12877-020-01860-w

Cited by 46 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…27 Additionally, we did not include data to investigate the successive step of confirmed sarcopenia in the EWGSOP2 algorithm, as our previous study indicates that a low number of participants qualified for this criterion. 37 It would be of interest to explore whether similar associations as found in the current study also exist for participants who additionally express low lean mass. Nonetheless, it is clear that muscle strength is becoming more emphasized, and lean mass less so, as sarcopenia definitions continue to develop.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

“…However, roughly 65% of participants achieved the newly updated WHO physical activity recommendations of 150 min non‐bouted MVPA per week, indicating that the current cut‐points were relevant for our study sample of older adults 27 . Additionally, we did not include data to investigate the successive step of confirmed sarcopenia in the EWGSOP2 algorithm, as our previous study indicates that a low number of participants qualified for this criterion 37 . It would be of interest to explore whether similar associations as found in the current study also exist for participants who additionally express low lean mass.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

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Moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity modifies the relationship between sedentary time and sarcopenia: the Tromsø Study 2015–2016

Johansson

Morseth

Scott

et al. 2021

J cachexia sarcopenia muscle

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Background Sarcopenia is an age‐related muscle disease primarily characterized by reductions in muscle strength that increases the risk of falls, fractures, cognitive impairment, and mortality. Exercise is currently preferred in prevention and treatment, but it is unknown how different habitual physical activity and sedentary behaviour patterns associate with sarcopenia status. The purpose of the present study was to compare associations of these patterns with probable sarcopenia in older adults. Methods In 3653 community‐dwelling participants (51% women) aged 60–84 years from the seventh survey of the Tromsø Study, we assessed objective physical activity and sedentary behaviour collected over 8 days (ActiGraph wGT3X‐BT Accelerometer), grip strength (Jamar+ Digital Dynamometer), five‐repetition chair stands, and self‐reported disease. We combined tertiles of sedentary (SED) time and moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA) to create nine different activity profiles (SEDHIGH, SEDMOD, and SEDLOW combined with MVPAHIGH, MVPAMOD, or MVPALOW). Multiple logistic regression models were used to examine how these profiles associated with probable sarcopenia, defined by low handgrip strength and/or slow chair stands time according to the revised European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People criteria. Results Probable sarcopenia was present in 227 (6.2%) participants. Men with probable sarcopenia had on average 35.3 min more SED time and 20 min less MVPA compared with participants without sarcopenia (P < 0.01 for all), while women with probable sarcopenia only had 18 min less MVPA (P < 0.001). Compared with the SEDHIGH–MVPALOW reference activity profile (714.2 min SED/day and 10.4 min MVPA/day), the SEDHIGH–MVPAMOD profile (697.1 min SED/day and 31.5 min MVPA/day) had significantly lower odds ratio (OR) for probable sarcopenia (OR 0.17, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.08–0.35), while the SEDLOW–MVPALOW profile (482.9 min SED/day and 11.0 min MVPA/day) did not (OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.47–1.11). These findings were not influenced by age, sex, smoking, or self‐reported diseases, and higher levels of MVPA did not further decrease ORs for probable sarcopenia. Conclusions Older adults who achieve moderate amounts of MVPA have reduced odds for probable sarcopenia, even when they have high sedentary time. Those with low sedentary time did not have reduced odds for probable sarcopenia when they also had low amounts of MVPA. These findings need confirmation in longitudinal studies but suggest that interventions for preventing sarcopenia should prioritize increasing MVPA over reducing sedentary behaviour.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity modifies the relationship between sedentary time and sarcopenia: the Tromsø Study 2015–2016

Johansson

Morseth

Scott

et al. 2021

J cachexia sarcopenia muscle

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“…Chair stand score decreased by age and, among women, increased by height and weight. A similar age pattern was found in several studies [ 23 , 28 , 36 ] whereas only one study addressed variation by anthropometric variables and found an increase by weight but no variation by height [ 25 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Hand grip strength and chair stand test amongst Greenlandic Inuit: reference values and international comparisons

Bjerregaard

Ottendahl

Jørgensen

2021

International Journal of Circumpolar Health

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Muscle strength is an important predictor for function and mortality among older adults. We measured hand grip strength among 1442 participants aged 15+ years and carried out a 30 second chair stand test among 786 participants aged 55+ years. Neither test has been carried out among the Inuit before. We present reference values for men and women as means with standard deviations and medians with 10 th , 25 th , 75 th and 90 th percentiles. Hand grip strength was higher among men than among women (means 45.2 kg and 25.8 kg; p < 0.0001), in linear regression analyses it increased with height (β men = 0.69; β women = 0.46), weight (β men = 0.24; β women = 0.08) and body mass index (β men = 0.56; β women = 0.24), and decreased with age (β men = −0.49; β women = −0.29) and Inuit genetic ancestry (β men = −0.96; β women = −0.59). Chair stand score showed similar associations with sex (mean score for men and women 13.8 and 11.5; p < 0.0001), age (β men = −0.22; β women = −0.20) and Inuit genetic ancestry (β men = −0.38; β women = −0.41). The hand grip strength of the Inuit was at the same level as in European and North American populations whereas chair stand score was lower than that of a mostly white US population.

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“…While other studies also found an association between a high risk of malnutrition and lower muscle mass but not with lower muscle strength [45e47]; others did show an association between malnutrition and muscle strength [47e50]. According to the EWGSOP2, muscle strength can be determined by handgrip strength or by the chair stand test but poor agreement has been shown between upper-and lower measures of muscle strength in older adults [51,52], also resulting in different prevalence rates of sarcopenia [53]. Future research should assess the adequacy and agreement between measures of muscle strength to diagnose sarcopenia in geriatric rehabilitation.…”

Section: Association Between Malnutrition and Sarcopenia Stagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between malnutrition and stages of sarcopenia in geriatric rehabilitation inpatients: RESORT

et al. 2021

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Background & aims: Malnutrition and sarcopenia coexist in older adults, yet they remain largely undiagnosed and untreated, despite available interventions. This study aimed to assess the prevalence, the coexistence of, and the association between malnutrition and sarcopenia in geriatric rehabilitation inpatients. Methods: REStORing health of acutely unwell adulTs (RESORT) is an observational, longitudinal cohort of geriatric rehabilitation inpatients. The association between malnutrition, diagnosed according to the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria and sarcopenia according to the revised definition of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP2) (no sarcopenia, probable sarcopenia, confirmed sarcopenia and severe sarcopenia) was determined using multinomial logistic regression analyses, adjusted for age, sex, comorbidities and cognitive impairment. Results: Out of 506 geriatric rehabilitation inpatients, 51% were malnourished, 49% had probable sarcopenia, 0.4% had confirmed sarcopenia (non-severe) and 19% had severe sarcopenia. Malnutrition and probable sarcopenia and malnutrition and confirmed/severe sarcopenia coexisted in 23% and 13% of the 506 patients respectively. Malnutrition was not associated with probable sarcopenia (OR ¼ 0.91, 95% CI ¼ 0.58e1.42, p ¼ 0.674) but with severe sarcopenia (OR ¼ 2.07, 95% CI ¼ 1.13e3.81, p ¼ 0.019). Conclusion:The prevalence, coexistence of, and the association between malnutrition and severe sarcopenia in geriatric rehabilitation inpatients warrant diagnosis at admission. Further research into feasible and effective interventions to counteract both conditions to improve geriatric rehabilitation outcomes is needed.

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Differences in sarcopenia prevalence between upper-body and lower-body based EWGSOP2 muscle strength criteria: the Tromsø study 2015–2016

Cited by 46 publications

References 31 publications

Moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity modifies the relationship between sedentary time and sarcopenia: the Tromsø Study 2015–2016

Moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity modifies the relationship between sedentary time and sarcopenia: the Tromsø Study 2015–2016

Hand grip strength and chair stand test amongst Greenlandic Inuit: reference values and international comparisons

Association between malnutrition and stages of sarcopenia in geriatric rehabilitation inpatients: RESORT

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