Differences in sleep timing and related effects between African Americans and non-Hispanic Whites

Combs, Daniel; Hsu, Chiu Hsieh; Bailey, Omavi; Patel, Salma; Mashaqi, Saif; Estep, Lauren; Provencio-Dean, Natalie; López, Silvia; Parthasarathy, Sairam

doi:10.5664/jcsm.9060

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…This direction of effect has been reported before. In a study with 578 African American and 823 white individuals, actigraphic mean weekday midsleep time was 27 minutes later in African Americans than in whites ( p = .02), and weekend midsleep time was 20 minutes later ( p = .03) [ 61 ]. That study had a mean age of 68, and also discusses the possibility of older age accounting for the difference in results from prior studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Midpoint of sleep is associated with sleep quality in older adults with and without symptomatic Alzheimer’s disease

Sauers,

Toedebusch,

Richardson

et al. 2024

Sleep Advances

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Introduction Disrupted sleep is common in individuals with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and may be a marker for AD risk. The timing of sleep affects sleep-wake activity and is also associated with AD, but little is known about links between sleep architecture and the midpoint of sleep in older adults. In this study, we tested if the midpoint of sleep is associated with different measures of sleep architecture, AD biomarkers, and cognitive status among older adults with and without symptomatic AD. Methods Participants (N=243) with a mean age of 74 underwent standardized cognitive assessments, measurement of CSF AD biomarkers, and sleep monitoring via single-channel EEG, actigraphy, a home sleep apnea test, and self-reported sleep logs. The midpoint of sleep was defined by actigraphy. Results A later midpoint of sleep was associated with African-American race and greater night-to-night variability in the sleep midpoint. After adjusting for multiple potential confounding factors, a later sleep midpoint was associated with longer REM onset latency, decreased REM sleep time, more actigraphic awakenings at night, and higher <2 Hz non-REM slow-wave activity. Conclusions Non-invasive in vivo markers of brain function, such as sleep, are needed to track both future risk of cognitive impairment and response to interventions in older adults at risk for AD. Sleep timing is associated with multiple other sleep measures and may affect their utility as markers of AD. The midpoint of sleep may be changed through behavioral intervention and should be taken into account when using sleep as a marker for AD risk.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Midpoint of sleep is associated with sleep quality in older adults with and without symptomatic Alzheimer’s disease

Sauers,

Toedebusch,

Richardson

et al. 2024

Sleep Advances

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show abstract

“…Although reported typical total sleep time was not different by race in our study, the shift of sleep to a later clock time in non-White participants could compromise optimal function. Such delayed sleep phase has been associated with depression in some populations (Combs et al, 2021). Our data was collected by self-report; future work to confirm this finding would benefit from more objective actigraph data.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of an over-the-counter “sleep lotion” on salivary melatonin levels and sleep quality: a randomized controlled trial

Ponce,

Razon,

Chao

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Many over-the-counter products such as bubble baths, room sprays, and lotions claim they contain the pineal hormone melatonin and promote sleep. In this randomized, controlled, double-blind crossover trial we compared the impact of a commercial sleep lotion versus a placebo control lotion. Our sample of 63 undergraduate college students scored an average of 6.3 ± 2.7 on the Global Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, with 65% above the cutoff of 5 indicating poor sleep quality in the previous 30 days. Participants applied lotions on two different nights, one hour before bedtime. To assess whether melatonin was absorbed through the skin and circulating systemically, we conducted enzyme linked immunosorbent assays on saliva samples to quantitate melatonin levels. We also assessed sleep quality the night after lotion application with a modified Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. The melatonin-containing sleep lotion dramatically impacted salivary melatonin levels, increasing them up to ~1000 fold compared to the placebo control lotion. Sleep quality in the overall group was not impacted by the lotion, but in a subsample of the poor sleepers, the lotion improved sleep quality. High Performance Liquid Chromatography of the sleep lotion revealed the presence of 2.4 ± 0.1 mg melatonin/g lotion, or a 0.24 ± 0.01% formulation. Caution should be taken by consumers using over-the-counter melatonin lotions because the undisclosed dosage is high and well absorbed by the skin. Clinicaltrials.gov IDNCT06053385

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“…It is possible that chronotype and early rise profile, although likely correlated, represent two distinct measures that may be influenced by different internal and external factors. Racial/ethnic differences reported in earlier studies were almost exclusively made on the Black-White comparisons, and the results were mixed, with several studies reporting an earlier chronotype among Blacks [38][39][40], while others reporting no racial difference [15,41]Hardly any research reported chronotype or rest-activity timing among Hispanic and Asian populations. We filled the knowledge gap by using a diverse sample representing the US population, and reported that except for Mexican Americans, all other non-White racial/ethnic groups exhibited a lower eigenvalue for the early rise profile, a novel finding that needs to be confirmed by future research.…”

Section: The Early Rise Profilementioning

confidence: 90%

Rest-activity profiles among U.S. adults in a nationally representative sample: a functional principal component analysis

Xiao

Zeitzer

et al. 2022

Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act

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Background The 24-h rest and activity behaviors (i.e., physical activity, sedentary behaviors and sleep) are fundamental human behaviors essential to health and well-being. Functional principal component analysis (fPCA) is a flexible approach for characterizing rest-activity rhythms and does not rely on a priori assumptions about the activity shape. The objective of our study is to apply fPCA to a nationally representative sample of American adults to characterize variations in the 24-h rest-activity pattern, determine how the pattern differs according to demographic, socioeconomic and work characteristics, and examine its associations with general health status. Methods The current analysis used data from adults 25 or older in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 2011–2014). Using 7-day 24-h actigraphy recordings, we applied fPCA to derive profiles for overall, weekday and weekend rest-activity patterns. We examined the association between each rest-activity profile in relation to age, gender, race/ethnicity, education, income and working status using multiple linear regression. We also used multiple logistic regression to determine the relationship between each rest-activity profile and the likelihood of reporting poor or fair health. Results We identified four distinct profiles (i.e., high amplitude, early rise, prolonged activity window, biphasic pattern) that together accounted for 86.8% of total variation in the study sample. We identified numerous associations between each rest-activity profile and multiple sociodemographic characteristics. We also found evidence suggesting the associations differed between weekdays and weekends. Finally, we reported that the rest-activity profiles were associated with self-rated health. Conclusions Our study provided evidence suggesting that rest-activity patterns in human populations are shaped by multiple demographic, socioeconomic and work factors, and are correlated with health status.

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Differences in sleep timing and related effects between African Americans and non-Hispanic Whites

Cited by 7 publications

References 37 publications

Midpoint of sleep is associated with sleep quality in older adults with and without symptomatic Alzheimer’s disease

Midpoint of sleep is associated with sleep quality in older adults with and without symptomatic Alzheimer’s disease

Impact of an over-the-counter “sleep lotion” on salivary melatonin levels and sleep quality: a randomized controlled trial

Rest-activity profiles among U.S. adults in a nationally representative sample: a functional principal component analysis

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