Differences in swimming speed on short course and long course for female and male breaststroke swimmers: A comparison of swimmers at national and international level

Koch-Ziegenbein, P; Knechtle, Beat; Rst, CA; Rosemann, Thomas; Lepers, Romuald

doi:10.13172/2053-2040-1-2-910

Cited by 6 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Swimming performance improved for all distances and strokes in both the World Championships and the Olympic Games. This finding fully agrees with our hypothesis based on studies about the progression of swimming performance in different strokes and distances (Schulz and Curnow 1988 ; Buhl et al 2013a ; Koch-Ziegenbein et al 2013 ; Kollarz et al 2013b ; Zingg et al 2014c ). Thus, a further increase in swimming performance would be expected.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Concerning the level of the investigated athletes, several studies examined the age of peak swimming performance in swimmers competing at national level and for specific swimming strokes such as freestyle (Tanaka and Seals 1997 ; Wolfrum et al 2013 ; Buhl et al 2013b ; Donato et al 2003 ; Rüst et al 2014 ), breaststroke (Koch-Ziegenbein et al 2013 ; Wolfrum et al 2013 ), backstroke (Kollarz et al 2013a , [ b ]), butterfly (Zingg et al 2014b , [ c ]), and individual medley (Buhl et al 2013b ; Vaso et al 2013 ). However, the information about the age of peak swimming performance with its change is missing for swimmers competing at world class level.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Change of the age and performance of swimmers across World Championships and Olympic Games finals from 1992 to 2013 – a cross-sectional data analysis

et al. 2014

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The aims of the present study were to investigate the changes in the age and in swimming performance of finalists in World Championships (1994–2013) and Olympic Games (1992–2012) competing in all events/races (stroke and distance). Data of 3,295 performances from 1,615 women and 1,680 men were analysed using correlation analyses and magnitudes of effect sizes. In the World Championships, the age of the finalists increased for all strokes and distances with exception of 200 m backstroke in women, and 400 m freestyle and 200 m breaststroke in men where the age of the finalists decreased. The magnitudes of the effects were small to very large (mean ± SD 2.8 ± 2.7), but extremely large (13.38) for 1,500 m freestyle in women. In the Olympic Games, the age of the finalists increased for all strokes and distances with exception of 800 m freestyle in women and 400 m individual medley in men. The magnitudes of the effects were small to very large (mean ± SD 4.1 ± 7.1), but extremely large for 50 m freestyle in women (10.5) and 200 m butterfly in men (38.0). Swimming performance increased across years in both women and men for all strokes and distances in both the World Championships and the Olympic Games. The magnitudes of the effects were all extremely large in World Championships (mean ± SD 20.1 ± 8.4) and Olympic Games (mean ± SD 52.1 ± 47.6); especially for 100 m and 200 m breaststroke (198) in women in the Olympic Games. To summarize, in the last ~20 years the age of the finalists increased in both the World Championships and the Olympic Games with some minor exceptions (200 m backstroke in women, 400 m freestyle and 200 m breaststroke in men in World Championships and 800 m freestyle in women and 400 m individual medley in men in Olympic Games) and performance of the finalists improved.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Change of the age and performance of swimmers across World Championships and Olympic Games finals from 1992 to 2013 – a cross-sectional data analysis

et al. 2014

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“…freestyle, backstroke, breaststroke, butterfly and as the combination of the four strokes in individual medley) (18,29,(35)(36)(37). Swimming competitions are mainly held in indoor and outdoor pools in short course (25 m) and long course (50 m) pools (15,17,28,35).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance Trends in Age Group Breaststroke Swimmers in the FINA World Championships 1986-2014

Knechtle¹,

Nikolaidis

Rosemann

et al. 2016

Chin. J. Physiol.

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Performance trends in breaststroke swimmers competing at world class level in pool competitions are well investigated for elite swimmers, but not for age group swimmers. This study investigated trends in participation, performance and sex difference in performance in a total of 35,143 (16,160 women and 18,983 men) age group breaststroke swimmers aged 25-29 to 95-99 years competing in the Fédération Internationale de Natation (FINA) World Masters Championships between 1986 and 2014. Trends in participation were analysed using linear regression analyses and trends in performance were investigated using mixed-effects regression analyses with sex, distance and calendar year as fixed variables. Women and men improved performance in all age groups. For age groups 25-29 to 85-89 years, men were faster than women. For age groups 90-94 to 95-99 years, men were not faster than women. Sex and distance showed a significant interaction for all distances in age groups 25-29 to 80-84 years. In 50 m, women reduced the gap to men in age groups 40-44 to 70-74 years and in 100 m and 200 m, women reduced the gap in age groups 50-54 to 60-64 years. In summary, (i) women and men improved performance in all race distances and in all age groups, (ii) men were faster than women from 25 to 89 years, but not from 90 to 99 years, and (iii), women reduced the gap to men between ~40 and ~75 years, but not in younger (<40 years) or older (>75 years) age groups. Based on these findings for a time period of nearly 30 years, we may assume a further increase in participation and a further improvement in performance in the near future in age group breaststroke swimmers competing at world class level.

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“…En concreto, hay diferencias estadísticamente significativas en las tres pruebas analizadas en esta investigación: (p≤0,001) en la prueba 300 metros crol y/o braza, (p≤0,001) en la prueba combinada II y (p=0,019) en la prueba 100 metros rescate con aletas. Estos resultados coinciden con las conclusiones de las investigaciones realizadas en el ámbito de la natación de competición (Keskinen et al, 2007;Koch-Ziegenbein et al, 2013;Lowensteyn et al, 1994;Wolfrum et al, 2013;Wolfrum et al, 2014). En este sentido, resulta paradójico que las instituciones deportivas que organizan sus pruebas acuáticas en vasos de diferentes tamaños, utilicen tablas de conversión para limitar la influencia de la longitud del vaso sobre los resultados deportivos (Real Federación Española Natación, 2016; Real Federación Española Salvamento Socorrismo, 2016) y en cambio, no se han encontrado tablas de conversión que desempeñen esta misma función en el ámbito de la evaluación de los socorristas.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…Un ejemplo de esto que se está señalando, es la ausencia generalizada de tablas de referencia que establezcan la influencia de la longitud del vaso, sobre las marcas de tiempo exigidas a los aspirantes a socorrista en las pruebas físicas de piscina. De hecho, se sabe que las marcas de tiempo obtenidas en las pruebas de natación disputadas en vasos de 25 metros, son significativamente mejores que las que se obtienen en vasos de 50 metros (Keskinen et al, 2007;Koch-Ziegenbein et al, 2013;Wolfrum et al, 2013;Wolfrum et al, 2014). Esto se debe a que las pruebas desarrolladas en vaso de 25 metros, permiten que el deportista realice más virajes y por lo tanto, pueda empujarse más veces en la pared al recorrer una distancia establecida.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Influencia De La Longitud Del Vaso Sobre Las Pruebas De Socorrismo Acuático Profesional

Arribas

2018

RIMCAFD

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Differences in swimming speed on short course and long course for female and male breaststroke swimmers: A comparison of swimmers at national and international level

Cited by 6 publications

References 12 publications

Change of the age and performance of swimmers across World Championships and Olympic Games finals from 1992 to 2013 – a cross-sectional data analysis

Change of the age and performance of swimmers across World Championships and Olympic Games finals from 1992 to 2013 – a cross-sectional data analysis

Performance Trends in Age Group Breaststroke Swimmers in the FINA World Championships 1986-2014

Influencia De La Longitud Del Vaso Sobre Las Pruebas De Socorrismo Acuático Profesional

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