Differences in Temporal Volume between Males and Females and the Influence of Age and BMI: A Cross-Sectional CT-Imaging Study

Abstract

Background The temple has been identified as one of the most compelling facial regions in which to seek aesthetic improvement—both locally and in the entire face—when injecting soft tissue fillers. Objective The objective of this study is to identify influences of age, gender, and body mass index (BMI) on temporal parameters to better understand clinical observations and to identify optimal treatment strategies for treating temporal hollowing. Methods The sample consisted of 28 male and 30 female individuals with a median age of 53 (34) years and a median BMI of 27.00 (6.94) kg/m2. The surface area of temporal skin, the surface area of temporal bones, and the temporal soft tissue volume were measured utilizing postprocessed computed tomography (CT) images via the Hausdorff minimal distance algorithm. Differences between the investigated participants related to age, BMI, and gender were calculated. Results Median skin surface area was greater in males compared with females 5,100.5 (708) mm2 versus 4,208.5 (893) mm2 (p < 0.001) as was the median bone surface area 5,329 (690) mm2 versus 4,477 (888) mm2 (p < 0.001). Males had on average 11.04 mL greater temporal soft tissue volume compared with age and BMI-matched females with p < 0.001. Comparing the volume between premenopausal versus postmenopausal females, the median temporal soft tissue volume was 46.63 mL (11.94) versus 40.32 mL (5.69) (p = 0.014). Conclusion The results of this cross-sectional CT imaging study confirmed previous clinical and anatomical observations and added numerical evidence to those observations for a better clinical integration of the data.

Volumization of the young and the old temple using a highly cross‐linked HA filler

“…[13][14][15] Previous studies have established a relationship between facial skeletonization, temporal hollowing, and postmenopausal sarcopenia. 16 In addition, data have shown that selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) play a role in diminishing skin aging in this patient population. 17 In clinical practice, however, women of all age groups seek correction of temporal hollowing.…”

Vascular anatomy of temporal fossa

“…In the same study, 9 the authors identified increasing BMI to be associated with greater temporal soft tissue volume, but not greater temporal skin surface, in males. In females, the effect was inverted: increasing BMI was associated with greater temporal skin surface, but not greater temporal soft tissue volume.…”

“…Recent work has used three-dimensional (3D) CT imaging to quantify properties of the temporal fossa and identify differences in aging patterns based on gender, age, and body mass index (BMI). 9 As the temporal bone curved medially, the depth of the temporal fossa was determined by the temporalis muscle and temporal extension of the buccal fat pad. Independently from gender, age, and BMI, the deepest aspect of the temporal fossa was found to be located anteriorly and inferiorly.…”

“…(5), 632-638 (https://doi:10.1055/s-0041-1725201). 9 The Hausdorff algorithm determines the smallest distance between pixels of two marked surfaces: the skin and the bone surface and each surface had more than 1000 pixels. This method allows measurement of precise distances between uneven and not parallel surfaces and, furthermore, to determine the volume between them.…”

“…(https://doi:10.1055/s-0041-1725201). 9 The results of this cross-sectional CT imaging-based study confirm clinical and anatomic observations: the temporal fossa is deepest close to the lateral orbital rim where it fuses with the zygomatic arch. However, accurate numerical data were not available previously and the current study closes this knowledge gap.…”