Differences in the Association Between Childhood Trauma and BMI in Black and White South African Women

Tang, Jason; Abraham, Charles; Stamp, Elena; Greaves, Colin

doi:10.1201/b18372-18

Cited by 25 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Two large, international cluster RCTs (Tol et al, 2014, 2008) examined a group-based, child-only creative and expressive activities-based intervention—Classroom-Based Intervention (CBI)—delivered in schools compared to WLC for war-exposed youth. CBI integrated creative and expressive activities (e.g., cooperative games, drama, music, dance) with CBT (e.g., psychoeducation, coping skills, some imaginal exposure via drawing).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence Base Update for Psychosocial Treatments for Children and Adolescents Exposed to Traumatic Events

Dorsey

McLaughlin

Kerns

et al. 2016

Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology

230

140

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Child and adolescent trauma exposure is prevalent, with trauma exposure-related symptoms, including posttraumatic stress, depressive, and anxiety symptoms often causing substantial impairment. This article updates the evidence base on psychosocial treatments for child and adolescent trauma exposure completed for this journal by Silverman et al. (2008). For this review, we focus on 37 studies conducted during the seven years since the last review. Treatments are grouped by overall treatment family (e.g., cognitive behavioral therapy), treatment modality (e.g., individual vs. group), and treatment participants (e.g., child only vs. child and parent). All studies were evaluated for methodological rigor according to Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology evidence-based treatment evaluation criteria (Southam-Gerow & Prinstein, 2014), with cumulative designations for level of support for each treatment family. Individual CBT with parent involvement, individual CBT, and group CBT were deemed well-established; group CBT with parent involvement and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) were deemed probably efficacious; individual integrated therapy for complex trauma and group mind–body skills were deemed possibly efficacious; individual client-centered play therapy, individual mind–body skills, and individual psychoanalysis were deemed experimental; and group creative expressive + CBT was deemed questionable efficacy. Advances in the evidence base, with comparisons to the state of the science at the time of the Silverman et al. (2008) review, are discussed. Finally, we present dissemination and implementation challenges and areas for future research.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence Base Update for Psychosocial Treatments for Children and Adolescents Exposed to Traumatic Events

Dorsey

McLaughlin

Kerns

et al. 2016

Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology

230

140

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Many studies have investigated mental health impacts of conflict on youth (Panter-Brick et al 2009;Schiff et al 2012;Okello et al 2014;Kangaslampi et al 2015), though the majority have explored affective and anxiety-related pathologies -particularly depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (Panter-Brick et al 2009;Kimhi et al 2010;Okello et al 2014;Tol et al 2014;Kangaslampi et al 2015). A series of studies (Silove et al 2008(Silove et al , 2014Soosay et al 2012) explored relationships between trauma exposure, PTSD symptomatology and psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) in post-conflict Timor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparative study of psychotic and affective symptoms in Rwandan and Kenyan students

Owoso

Jansen

Ndetei

et al. 2017

Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci

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Aims. War and conflict are known to adversely affect mental health, although their effects on risk symptoms for psychosis development in youth in various parts of the world are unclear. The Rwandan genocide of 1994 and Civil War had widespread effects on the population. Despite this, there has been no significant research on psychosis risk in Rwanda. Our goal in the present study was to investigate the potential effects of genocide and war in two ways: by comparing Rwandan youth born before and after the genocide; and by comparing Rwandan and Kenyan adolescents of similar age.Methods. A total of 2255 Rwandan students and 2800 Kenyan students were administered the Washington Early Recognition Center Affectivity and Psychosis (WERCAP) Screen. Prevalence, frequency and functional impairment related to affective and psychosis-risk symptoms were compared across groups using univariate and multivariate statistics.Results. Rwandan students born before the end of the genocide and war in 1994 experienced higher psychotic and affective symptom load ( p's < 0.001) with more functional impairment compared with younger Rwandans. 5.35% of older Rwandan students met threshold for clinical high-risk of psychosis by the WERCAP Screen compared with 3.19% of younger Rwandans (χ 2 = 5.36; p = 0.02). Symptom severity comparisons showed significant ( p < 0.001) group effects between Rwandan and Kenyan secondary school students on affective and psychotic symptom domains with Rwandans having higher symptom burden compared with Kenyans. Rwandan female students also had higher rates of psychotic symptoms compared with their male counterparts -a unique finding not observed in the Kenyan sample.Conclusions. These results suggest extreme conflict and disruption to country from genocide and war can influence the presence and severity of psychopathology in youth decades after initial traumatic events.

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“…Previous studies of school-based interventions with children exposed to traumatic events in low-and middle-income countries have shown moderation by age, sex, family-level variables, and types of adversity experienced. 7 Moreover, the clinical design of the study does not shed light on promotive and protective factors, such as hope and social support, that may mitigate the effect of exposure to traumatic events. 8 Future research should have longer follow-up periods than the 1 month in the study by Murray et al, 6 given the possibility of delayed or temporary treatment effects.…”

Section: Main Outcomes and Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychological Treatments for Orphans and Vulnerable Children Affected by Traumatic Events and Chronic Adversity in Sub-Saharan Africa

Ventevogel

Spiegel

2015

JAMA

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Differences in the Association Between Childhood Trauma and BMI in Black and White South African Women

Cited by 25 publications

References 23 publications

Evidence Base Update for Psychosocial Treatments for Children and Adolescents Exposed to Traumatic Events

Evidence Base Update for Psychosocial Treatments for Children and Adolescents Exposed to Traumatic Events

A comparative study of psychotic and affective symptoms in Rwandan and Kenyan students

Psychological Treatments for Orphans and Vulnerable Children Affected by Traumatic Events and Chronic Adversity in Sub-Saharan Africa

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