Differences in the degree of overweight: A note on its importance

Hanna, Charles F.; Loro, Albert D.; Power, D. Dolan

doi:10.1016/s0306-4603(81)80010-x

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…However, only a few subjects were obese by conventional standards (cf. Hanna, Loro, & Power, 1981), and the groups did not differ significantly in percentage of subjects who were more than 15% above ideal weights: 16/60 restrained versus 10/60 unrestrained; x 2 (l) = 1.77, p > .17. Thus, although the groups did not differ substantially in obesity and their differential overweight status was not expected to affect most of the measures (Herman & Polivy, 1980), the influence of percentage overweight was checked on all major dependent variables via supplementary multiple regression analyses (Cohen & Cohen, 1975).…”

Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 79%

Some antecedents of regulatory eating by restrained and unrestrained eaters.

Kirschenbaum¹,

Tomarken²

1982

Journal of Abnormal Psychology

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Based on self-regulatory failure and operant analyses of counterregulatory eating by restrained eaters, this study evaluated the efficacy of two potential determinants of regulatory eating. Within a 2 (restraint) X 2 (label) X 2 (bowl) factorial design, 60 restrained and 60 unrestrained eaters (all women) consumed a milk shake preload and then taste-tested ice cream. All subjects were provided with the same amount of ice cream, but it was presented either in small or large bowls (the bowl variable) accompanied, or not accompanied, by accurate information about calories contained in the ice cream (the label variable). The double-experimental condition (small-bowl-labeled) produced regulatory eating in restrained and unrestrained subjects. Conversely, both groups counterregulated in the control condition (large-bowl-unlabeled). When only one of the two experimental procedures was operational (small-bowl-unlabeled; large-bowl-labeled), restrained eaters used bigger spoonfuls to consume more than unrestrained eaters; the restrained eaters also disproportionately lowered their caloric estimates of their consumption only in these two cells. Three conclusions are discussed: (a) procedures that accentuate the salience of self-monitoring current eating to broader concerns about dieting may facilitate regulatory eating; (b) a high-density eating style may importantly affect counterregulatory eating; and (c) further research is needed to test the external validity of these and related findings and to explain the heterogenity in eating behaviors shown by restrained eaters.Several convergent indicators suggest that restrained eaters, or self-reported chronic dieters (Herman & Mack, 1975), represent a population at risk for gaining excess weight and, perhaps, for developing obesity or an increasing degree of obesity if already substantially overweight. First, restrained eaters, compared to unrestrained eaters, more frequently exhibit problematic eating behaviors, including binge eating (Hawkins & Clement, 1980;Wardle, 1980; Spencer & Fremouw, Note 1), eating in response to emotional stimuli (e.g., Baucom & Aiken, 1981;, and counterregulatory eating (eating more after partial satiation than after minimal consumption;The authors greatly appreciate the suggestions and assistance provided by Arnold M. Ordman.

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Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 79%

Some antecedents of regulatory eating by restrained and unrestrained eaters.

Kirschenbaum¹,

Tomarken²

1982

Journal of Abnormal Psychology

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“…The mean percentage overweight for those presenting for treatment was 50% ( SD = 21%), and the mean for those not seeking treatment was 50% ( SD = 23%). We further examined group composition by placing people into the following categories, which were based on percentage overweight: 21–30%, mild; 31–50%, moderate; 51–75%, severe; 76–100%, massive; 101% or more, morbid (Hanna, Loro, & Power, 1981). Those seeking treatment were categorized as follows: 17% mild, 41% moderate, 31% severe, 8% massive, and 3% morbid.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obese people who seek treatment have different characteristics than those who do not seek treatment.

Fitzgibbon¹,

Stolley²,

1993

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A group of obese people who had not sought treatment, an obese group who had sought treatment in a professional, hospital-based program, and normal-weight controls (N = 547) were compared in regard to level of psychopathology, binge eating, and negative emotional eating. Because the groups differed significantly on several demographic variables, 3 demographically matched groups were created and compared (n = 177, 59 per group). In the matched subgroups, obese people who had sought treatment reported greater psychopathology and more binge eating than did those who had not sought treatment or did normal-weight controls. Both obese groups (including those who had not sought treatment) endorsed more symptoms of distress, negative emotional eating, overeating, difficulty resisting temptation, and less exercise than did normal-weight controls.

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“…Regression with percent overweight as the criterion was not performed, due to the nonsignificant correlations obtained between percent overweight and the subscores. When subjects in Study I1 were classified according to their percent overweight status (Hanna, Loro, & Power, 1981), negative subscores discriminated between those who were less than 20% overweight and those who were severely obese (i.e., from 51% to 75% overweight). As expected, those in the severely obese category had higher negative subscores than did subjects who were less than 20% overweight (t(89) = 2.48, p < .015).…”

Section: Relationship With Weight Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thoughts about food and their: Relationship to obesity and weight control

Israel¹,

Stolmaker

Andrian

1985

Int. J. Eat. Disord.

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Participants drawn from two separate populations completed an instrument designed to measure food‐and‐eating‐related cognitions. Responses of both undergraduates and participants in a commercial weight‐loss program supported the distinction between thoughts that are facilitative and problematic regarding weight‐loss efforts. Among the undergraduate sample food‐related thoughts were more predominant among heavier individuals. Weight loss among participants in the weight loss program was related to the prevalence of problematic (negative) cognitions. The results are discussed in terms of the assumptions underlying cognitive contributions to behavioral weight‐loss programs.

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Differences in the degree of overweight: A note on its importance

Cited by 11 publications

References 1 publication

Some antecedents of regulatory eating by restrained and unrestrained eaters.

Some antecedents of regulatory eating by restrained and unrestrained eaters.

Obese people who seek treatment have different characteristics than those who do not seek treatment.

Thoughts about food and their: Relationship to obesity and weight control

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