Differences in the expression of genes involved in the somatotropic axis in divergent strains of Holstein-Friesian dairy cows during early and mid lactation

McCarthy, S.; Butler, Stephanie; Patton, J.; Daly, M.; Morris, Deborah; Kenny, David A.; Waters, Sinéad M.

doi:10.3168/jds.2008-1856

Cited by 22 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…In the current study, however, energy balance was similar between genotypes (Cummins et al, 2012), indicating that the observed differences in peripheral IGF-I concentration in Fert+ was dependent on factors other than GHR mRNA abundance. This is consistent with results reported by McCarthy et al (2009), who compared hepatic gene expression in Holstein-Friesian cows of New Zealand and North American ancestry that exhibited similar postpartum energy balance.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Previous studies have developed high versus low fertility animal models through diet manipulation (Grala et al, 2011), comparing cows at different stages of lactation (Gross et al, 2011), comparing cows that became pregnant with cows that failed to become pregnant (Rhoads et al, 2008), or comparing cows of different genetic origin (New Zealand Holstein-Friesian vs. North American Holstein-Friesian; Lucy et al, 2009;McCarthy et al, 2009) to determine whether hepatic regulation of the GH-IGF axis is related to fertility. Although these studies provide valuable insight into the effects of energy status, lactation, and genetic origin on characteristics of the GH-IGF axis, they are confounded by effects of age, nutrition, stage of lactation, and BCS, among other factors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genetic merit for fertility traits in Holstein cows: III. Hepatic expression of somatotropic axis genes during pregnancy and lactation

Cummins

Waters

Evans

et al. 2012

Journal of Dairy Science

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The objective of this study was to characterize the circulating concentrations of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and the hepatic expression of key genes regulating the somatotropic axis in cows divergent in genetic merit for fertility traits but with similar genetic merit for milk production traits. A total of 11 cows with good genetic merit for fertility (Fert+) and 12 cows with poor genetic merit for fertility (Fert-) underwent liver biopsy by percutaneous punch technique on d 20 (±6.7 d) prepartum and on d 2 (±1.5 d), d 58 (±3.7 d), d 145 (±13 d), and d 245 (±17.1 d) postpartum. Total RNA was isolated and the mRNA expression of growth hormone receptor (GHR 1A and GHRtot), IGF-I, janus tyrosine kinase 2 (JAK2), signal transducer and activator of transcription 5B (STAT5B), suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS-3), acid-labile subunit (ALS), and IGF-binding proteins (IGFBP1 to IGFBP6) were measured by real-time quantitative PCR. During lactation, the circulating concentrations of IGF-I were 34% greater in Fert+ cows. The Fert+ cows had increased mean expression of IGF-I mRNA during the study; however, the difference in IGF-I mRNA abundance between Fert+ and Fert- cows was most pronounced at d 145 and 245. The expression of IGFBP3 and ALS transcript was similar in Fert+ and Fert- cows for the duration of the study. The Fert- cows, however, had greater expression of IGFBP2, IGFBP4, IGFBP5, and IGFBP6. Genotype had no effect on mRNA abundance of GHR 1A, STAT5B, JAK2, or SOCS-3. Genetic merit for fertility traits affects hepatic expression of key genes of the somatotropic axis regulating the synthesis, bioavailability, and stability of circulating IGF-I.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic merit for fertility traits in Holstein cows: III. Hepatic expression of somatotropic axis genes during pregnancy and lactation

Cummins

Waters

Evans

et al. 2012

Journal of Dairy Science

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“…Thus, an absolute real-time RT-PCR methodology employing an exogenous reference control (i.e., a kanamycin resistance gene) to normalize real-time PCR results was performed to measure the expression of genes. The application of this method has previously been described (19, 23, 61, 83). Real-time RT-PCR assays were performed to detect expression of the exogenous kanamycin control in synthesized cDNA.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Negative energy balance and hepatic gene expression patterns in high-yielding dairy cows during the early postpartum period: a global approach

McCarthy

Waters

Kenny

et al. 2010

Physiological Genomics

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In high-yielding dairy cows the liver undergoes extensive physiological and biochemical changes during the early postpartum period in an effort to re-establish metabolic homeostasis and to counteract the adverse effects of negative energy balance (NEB). These adaptations are likely to be mediated by significant alterations in hepatic gene expression. To gain new insights into these events an energy balance model was created using differential feeding and milking regimes to produce two groups of cows with either a mild (MNEB) or severe NEB (SNEB) status. Cows were slaughtered and liver tissues collected on days 6–7 of the first follicular wave postpartum. Using an Affymetrix 23k oligonucleotide bovine array to determine global gene expression in hepatic tissue of these cows, we found a total of 416 genes (189 up- and 227 downregulated) to be altered by SNEB. Network analysis using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis revealed that SNEB was associated with widespread changes in gene expression classified into 36 gene networks including those associated with lipid metabolism, connective tissue development and function, cell signaling, cell cycle, and metabolic diseases, the three most significant of which are discussed in detail. SNEB cows displayed reduced expression of transcription activators and signal transducers that regulate the expression of genes and gene networks associated with cell signaling and tissue repair. These alterations are linked with increased expression of abnormal cell cycle and cellular proliferation associated pathways. This study provides new information and insights on the effect of SNEB on gene expression in high-yielding Holstein Friesian dairy cows in the early postpartum period.

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“…Although an indirect measure of tissue status, these data provide further evidence that the adipose tissues of NA cows have lower rates of lipogenesis and hence more insulin-resistant compared with the NZ cows. Previous studies support the premise that the NA cows have a longer period of insulin insensitivity and uncoupling of the somatotrophic axis McCarthy et al 2009;Grala et al 2011). These phenomena result in an elevated growth hormone concentration, which in turn antagonizes insulin action, essentially blocking lipogenesis and promoting lipolysis and gluconeogenesis (Etherton et al 1987;Beswick & Kennelly, 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Genetic ancestry modifies fatty acid concentrations in different adipose tissue depots and milk fat

Meier

Verkerk

Kay

et al. 2013

Journal of Dairy Research

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The objective of this study was to determine the effect of cow genetic strain on fatty acid (FA) profiles in adipose tissue and milk. Adipose samples from two subcutaneous (shoulder and tail-head) and three visceral (kidney channel, mesenteric and omental) depots were obtained post mortem from New Zealand (NZ; n = 8) and North American (NA; n = 8) Holstein-Friesian cows. At the time of slaughter cows were in similar body condition (NZ: 4.0 ± 0.03, NA: 4.0 ± 0.02; ± SD) and stage of lactation (NZ: 90 ± 11.2 d; NA: 83 ± 4.3 d; ± SD). Milk was collected during the a.m. milking prior to slaughter and milk fat was extracted. Adipose and milk fat FA were quantified using gas chromatography. NZ cows had a lower proportion of saturated FA in shoulder, tail-head and omental adipose tissue and a greater proportion of mono-unsaturated FA and an elevated Δ9-desaturase index in shoulder and tail-head adipose tissue. The proportions of individual FA differed between adipose depots, with proportions of de-novo FA greater in subcutaneous compared with visceral adipose depots. Milk from NZ cows contained greater concentrations of short chain FA (C8 : 0-12 : 0) and CLA, and less cis-9 18 : 1 than milk from NA cows. Regression analysis identified moderate associations between milk FA and shoulder adipose tissue FA for 18 : 2 (R(2) = 0.24), 18 : 3 n - 3 (R(2) = 0.39), and polyunsaturated fatty acids (R(2) = 0.38). Results from this study support the hypothesis that genetic strain dictates FA profiles in adipose tissue and milk and may alter the metabolic status of the various adipose depots differently. The data further support the premise that genetic strain affects the metabolic status of the various adipose depots differently. Elucidating the mechanisms that regulate the different adipose depots in the NZ and NA strains will increase our understanding of tissue mobilization and replenishment.

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Differences in the expression of genes involved in the somatotropic axis in divergent strains of Holstein-Friesian dairy cows during early and mid lactation

Cited by 22 publications

References 57 publications

Genetic merit for fertility traits in Holstein cows: III. Hepatic expression of somatotropic axis genes during pregnancy and lactation

Genetic merit for fertility traits in Holstein cows: III. Hepatic expression of somatotropic axis genes during pregnancy and lactation

Negative energy balance and hepatic gene expression patterns in high-yielding dairy cows during the early postpartum period: a global approach

Genetic ancestry modifies fatty acid concentrations in different adipose tissue depots and milk fat

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