Differences in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and levels of C-reactive protein after puerperium in women with hypertensive disorders during pregnancy

Abstract

To measure high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels and to assess the presence of metabolic syndrome (MS) after puerperium in women diagnosed with various hypertensive disorders during pregnancy (HDP), a consecutive, cross-sectional case study at the 15th week after gestation. The sample consisted of 264 women who were admitted to a women's hospital. The diagnoses consisted of transient gestational hypertension (TGH¼43.2%), preeclampsia (PC¼29.5%), chronic hypertension (CH¼20.1%) and PC superimposed on CH (7.2%). A diagnosis of previous hypertension was present in 45.8% of the CH group. The prevalence of MS was 16.7% (CH¼42.1%, TGH¼13.9%, PC¼4.1%, Po0.001). The average hsCRP levels for the CH, TGH and PC groups were 3.79±2.76, 3.55±3.15 and 2.89±3.02, respectively (P¼0.040). The levels of hsCRP were higher in women with MS (4.71±3.15 vs. 3.01±2.88 mg l À1 in those without MS, Po0.001), and they increased when a higher number of MS criteria was fulfilled (Po0.001). The results demonstrated a positive correlation between hsCRP levels and body mass index (BMI) (r¼0.46), waist circumference (r¼0.50) or the number of fulfilled MS criteria (r¼0.56). The results suggest differences in vascular risk that depend on the type of HDP and on the prevalence of MS. The prevalence of MS was notably higher in the CH group, intermediate among the TGH group and much lower in the PC group. Differences in hsCRP levels also depended on the type of HDP (higher levels in CH and TGH patients in comparison with PC patients). Women with MS had higher hsCRP levels compared with women without MS, and the levels correlated with the number of MS criteria fulfilled. This result suggests that subclinical inflammatory status is correlated with the number of MS components present. Furthermore, hsCRP levels increased with increasing BMIs and waist circumferences.

Preventing cardiovascular disease after hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: Searching for the how and when

“…Figure 3(a) and ( b ) displays mean fasting glucose and HOMA-IR over follow-up time after index pregnancy. 35 , 73 , 80 , 81 , 83 , 84 , 89 , 94 – 96 , 98 , 99 , 102 , 103 , 107 – 115 In the analysis of the course of fasting glucose development over time, no difference between HDPs and controls can be detected. The control cohort for the fasting glucose is formed by 11,148 Chinese women from the Hong Kong cohort of Ko et al.…”

“…Weighted mean values for HDL-C and LDL-C are displayed in Figure 3(c) and ( d ). 35 , 71 , 72 , 74 , 80 , 81 , 84 , 89 , 91 , 95 , 99 – 103 , 106 – 111 , 113 , 114 , 117 – 119 The large standard deviation for mean HDL-C in the 10-year post-partum group is because this category yields only one study. 89 …”

Level of hsCRP Maternal Serum During Puerperium of Severe Preeclampsia

“…Many studies concluded that severe preeclampsia increased risk of cardiovascular complication related with chronic hypertension and metabolic syndrome such as dislipidemiaand insulin resistant. 10 This study focused on woman with severe preeclampsia without metabolic syndrome comorbodities. BMI were similar between two groups.CRP in cardiology department were measured to predict risk of ACS in healthy people, before appear of significant clinical sign.CRP  3 -10 mg/L was categorized as high risk of cardiovascular complication.…”

Association of pre-eclampsia with metabolic syndrome and increased risk of cardiovascular disease in women: A systemic review

“…[47] Preeclampsia appears to be an exaggeration of these biologic adaptations as pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia are characterized by increased insulin resistance, hypertriglyceridemia, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high maternal and fetal plasma amino acid concentrations. [47] A study carried out as early as 15 weeks postpartum in pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia [28] showed higher prevalence of MS in these women compared to controls, suggesting that the metabolic perturbations that began during pregnancy have persisted postpartum, marking the onset of MS. MS itself being a clustering of cardiovascular risk factors sets the stage for future CVD in these women. Components of MS are modifiable cardiovascular risk factors.…”

“…Veltman-Verhulst et al, 2010 [16] 14.6 Vallejo Vaz et al, 2010 [28] 4.1 Stekkinger et al, 2009 [29] 20 Stekkinger et al, 2013 [30] 25 Lu et al, 2011 [31] 27 Scholten et al, 2013 [32] 15.4 Drobny 2009 [33] 4.4 Al-Nasiry et al, 2014 [34] 13.9…”