DIFFERENCES IN THE PROBING RESPONSES OF <i>MYZUS PERSICAE</i> (SULZER) ELICITED BY DIFFERENT FEEDING SOLUTIONS BEHIND A PARAFILM MEMBRANE

Mittler, T. E.; Dadd, R. H.

doi:10.1111/j.1570-7458.1965.tb00846.x

Cited by 68 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…To test if this resistance to the green peach aphid is a direct or indirect effect of the engineered sugars, aphid fecundity was measured on artificial media consisting of amino-acids, mineral salts, vitamins and 500 mM Suc (Mittler and Dadd, 1965), and supplemented with 50 mM of individual test sugars (Glc, Fru, Suc, Gol, Raf, of Sta). After 4 days, no differences in aphid populations were observed among treatments (Figure 8).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…“Choice” experiments were conducted to establish if a feeding preference between WT and RFO over-producing plants existed (Louis et al, 2010). Twenty adult aphids were placed on the soil equidistant between a WT and a transgenic plant growing in the same 15 cm diameter pot and the number of adult aphids on each was counted after 8 and 24 h. To test if Glc, Fru, Suc, Gol, Raf or Sta directly influenced aphid vitality, an artificial aphid diet (Mittler and Dadd, 1965) was supplemented with 50 mM of each sugar and tested in a feeding chamber: Three adult aphids were transferred with a fine paintbrush into a 3.5 cm Petri dish (Falcon, Primaria, NJ) and pre-stretched parafilm (American National Can, Greenwich, CT) was placed over the chamber to cage the aphids. 500 μL of diet was placed on the parafilm and a second layer of pre-stretched parafilm was placed on the first layer to spread the diet and form a feeding sachet from which the aphids could feed.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Metabolic engineering of raffinose-family oligosaccharides in the phloem reveals alterations in carbon partitioning and enhances resistance to green peach aphid

et al. 2013

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Many plants employ energized loading strategies to accumulate osmotically-active solutes into the phloem of source organs to accentuate the hydrostatic pressure gradients that drive the flow of water, nutrients and signals from source to sinks. Proton-coupled symport of sugars from the apoplasm into the phloem symplasm is the best studied phloem-loading mechanism. As an alternative, numerous species use a polymer trapping mechanism to load through symplasm: sucrose enters the phloem through specialized plasmodesmata and is converted to raffinose-family oligosaccharides (RFOs) which accumulate because of their larger size. In this study, metabolic engineering was used to generate RFOs at the inception of the translocation stream of Arabidopsis thaliana, which loads from the apoplasm and transports predominantly sucrose, and the fate of the sugars throughout the plant determined. Three genes, GALACTINOL SYNTHASE, RAFFINOSE SYNTHASE and STACHYOSE SYNTHASE, were expressed from promoters specific to the companion cells of minor veins. Two transgenic lines homozygous for all three genes (GRS63 and GRS47) were selected for further analysis. Three-week-old plants of both lines had RFO levels approaching 50% of total soluble sugar. RFOs were also identified in exudates from excised leaves of transgenic plants whereas levels were negligible in exudates from wild type (WT) leaves. Differences in starch accumulation between WT and GRS63 and GRS47 lines were not observed. Similarly, there were no differences in vegetative growth between WT and engineered plants, but the latter flowered slightly earlier. Finally, since the sugar composition of the translocation stream appeared altered, we tested for an impact on green peach aphid (Myzus persicae Sulzer) feeding. When given a choice between WT and transgenic plants, green peach aphids preferred settling on the WT plants. Furthermore, green peach aphid fecundity was lower on the transgenic plants compared to the WT plants. When added to an artificial diet, RFOs did not have a negative effect on aphid fecundity, suggesting that although aphid resistance in the transgenic plants is enhanced, it is not due to direct toxicity of RFO toward the insect.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic engineering of raffinose-family oligosaccharides in the phloem reveals alterations in carbon partitioning and enhances resistance to green peach aphid

et al. 2013

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“…The synergic effect of amino acids on sucrose is indicated by the fact that the rate of diet uptake increased with the increases from 1 to 3.5% amino acid level into the diet. Mittler and Dadd (1965), Mittler (1967a,b,c) and Harrewijn and Noordink (1971) reported that methionine had a strong phagostimulatory effect on M. persicae and that a mixture of 0.1 % methionine in 20% sucrose enhanced the acceptability of sucrose solution. Dadd and Krieger (1967) found that among the dietary amino acids only methionine, histidine, and isoleucine were specifically required for growth of M. persicae over a test period of two generations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

EFFECT OF AMINO ACID CONCENTRATION ON DIET UPTAKE AND PERFORMANCE BY THE PEA APHID, ACYRTHOSIPHON PISUM (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE)

Srivastava

Auclair

1974

Can Entomol

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Can. Ent. 106: 149-156 (1974) The average rate of diet uptake by the 1st-3rd instar nymphs of the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), on chemically defined diets containing 0.0-5.0% amino acids varied from 0.08 to 0.23 rl/aphid/24 h and that by 4th instar nymphs to adults varied from 0.15 to 0.74 rl/aphid/24 h. The presence of amino acids increased the acceptability of diets to a great extent, as uptake on such diets was 2-5 times more than that on amino acid free diets. Uptake was lowest on diets lacking amino acids, and highest on those containing 3.5 and 2.5% amino acids by 1st-3rd instar nymphs and 4th instar nymphs to adults respectively. It is suggested that certain amino acids, either alone or in combination, act synergistically with sucrose as phagostimulants. Methionine was slightly phagostimulatory to the pea aphid and enhanced the acceptability of a free amino acid diet and of a sucrose solution.As expected the rate of feeding increased as the aphids grew. Nymphs reached the adult stage, and reproduced on each diet, except on the one lacking amino acids. The longevity on different diets varied from 7 to 37 days. A concentration of 2 4 % amino acids, with an optimum at 3.5%, appears to be essential for the growth, survival, and larviposition of the pea aphid.Due to the punctures made in the stretched parafilm by aphids during feeding the rate of evaporation from fed sachets was significantly higher than that from unfed sachets. It is therefore suggested that in experiments where rates of feeding are measured by differential weighings of the sachets, these be renewed at 24-h intervals.

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“…Feeding trial bioassays were performed using a synthetic diet (Mittler and Dadd, 1965) as described . Three adult apterous aphids were introduced into the feeding chamber and allowed to feed on the diet that was mixed with plant petiole exudates.…”

Section: Petiole Exudate Collection and Feeding Trialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discrimination of Arabidopsis PAD4 Activities in Defense against Green Peach Aphid and Pathogens

Louis

Gobbato

Mondal³

et al. 2012

Plant Physiology

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The Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) lipase-like protein PHYTOALEXIN DEFICIENT4 (PAD4) is essential for defense against green peach aphid (GPA; Myzus persicae) and the pathogens Pseudomonas syringae and Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis. In basal resistance to virulent strains of P. syringae and H. arabidopsidis, PAD4 functions together with its interacting partner ENHANCED DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY1 (EDS1) to promote salicylic acid (SA)-dependent and SA-independent defenses. By contrast, dissociated forms of PAD4 and EDS1 signal effector-triggered immunity to avirulent strains of these pathogens. PAD4-controlled defense against GPA requires neither EDS1 nor SA. Here, we show that resistance to GPA is unaltered in an eds1 salicylic acid induction deficient2 (sid2) double mutant, indicating that redundancy between EDS1 and SID2-dependent SA, previously reported for effector-triggered immunity conditioned by certain nucleotide-binding-leucine-rich repeat receptors, does not explain the dispensability of EDS1 and SID2 in defense against GPA. Mutation of a conserved serine (S118) in the predicted lipase catalytic triad of PAD4 abolished PAD4-conditioned antibiosis and deterrence against GPA feeding, but S118 was dispensable for deterring GPA settling and promoting senescence in GPA-infested plants as well as for pathogen resistance. These results highlight distinct molecular activities of PAD4 determining particular aspects of defense against aphids and pathogens.

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DIFFERENCES IN THE PROBING RESPONSES OF MYZUS PERSICAE (SULZER) ELICITED BY DIFFERENT FEEDING SOLUTIONS BEHIND A PARAFILM MEMBRANE

Abstract: When adult apterous Myzus persicae (Sulzer) were allowed to probe and insert their stylets through a membrane of stretched Parafilm "M(R) '' into various test fluids, marked differences were noted in the duration of their initial probes. On a hard substrate, such as the wall of a

Cited by 68 publications

References 19 publications

Metabolic engineering of raffinose-family oligosaccharides in the phloem reveals alterations in carbon partitioning and enhances resistance to green peach aphid

Metabolic engineering of raffinose-family oligosaccharides in the phloem reveals alterations in carbon partitioning and enhances resistance to green peach aphid

EFFECT OF AMINO ACID CONCENTRATION ON DIET UPTAKE AND PERFORMANCE BY THE PEA APHID, ACYRTHOSIPHON PISUM (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE)

Discrimination of Arabidopsis PAD4 Activities in Defense against Green Peach Aphid and Pathogens

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