Differences in Tropical Rainfall in Aquaplanet Simulations With Resolved or Parameterized Deep Convection

Ríos-Berríos, Rosimar; Bryan, G. H.; Medeiros, Brian; Judt, Falko; Wang, Wei

doi:10.1029/2021ms002902

Cited by 9 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…(2009). Kelvin waves are the most active equatorial waves, which is consistent with other MPAS‐A aquaplanet simulations (Rios‐Berrios et al., 2020, 2022, 2023). All other waves are associated with half or less than half of the rainfall variance associated with Kelvin waves.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Convectively coupled equatorial waves were identified using spatiotemporal filtering of rainfall rate following closely Wheeler and Weickmann (2001). This method is successful at identifying equatorial waves in MPAS‐A simulations (Judt & Rios‐Berrios, 2021; Rios‐Berrios et al., 2020, 2022, 2023). For this analysis, we conservatively interpolated the MPAS‐A output onto a 0.25° × 0.25° latitude‐longitude grid to match the grid of the reanalysis data described below.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The aquaplanet configuration of MPAS-A follows closely after Rios-Berrios et al (2020) and Rios-Berrios et al (2022). The model domain is configured as a water-covered surface without land or sea-ice with a boundary condition given by the temporally fixed, zonally symmetric SST profile described above.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Aquaplanet simulations have also been used to assess the representation of convectively coupled equatorial waves in global models (Andersen & Kuang, 2012; Blackburn et al., 2013; Frierson, 2007; Frierson et al., 2011; Nakajima et al., 2013; Nasuno et al., 2007, 2008; Rios‐Berrios et al., 2020, 2022, 2023). This topic gathered special attention during the Aqua‐Planet Experiment (APE) (Blackburn & Hoskins, 2013), an intercomparison of 14 aquaplanet simulations produced with different global models.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tropical Cyclones and Equatorial Waves in a Convection‐Permitting Aquaplanet Simulation With Off‐Equatorial SST Maximum

Rios‐Berrios,

Davis,

Martinez

2023

J Adv Model Earth Syst

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Tropical weather phenomena—including tropical cyclones (TCs) and equatorial waves—are influenced by planetary‐to‐convective‐scale processes; yet, existing data sets and tools can only capture a subset of those processes. This study introduces a convection‐permitting aquaplanet simulation that can be used as a laboratory to study TCs, equatorial waves, and their interactions. The simulation was produced with the Model for Prediction Across Scales‐Atmosphere (MPAS‐A) using a variable resolution mesh with convection‐permitting resolution (i.e., 3‐km cell spacing) between 10°S and 30°N. The underlying sea‐surface temperature is given by a zonally symmetric profile with a peak at 10°N, which allows for the formation of TCs. A comparison between the simulation and satellite, reanalysis, and airborne dropsonde data is presented to determine the realism of the simulated phenomena. The simulation captures a realistic TC intensity distribution, including major hurricanes, but their lifetime maximum intensities may be limited by the stronger vertical wind shear in the simulation compared to the observed tropical Pacific region. The simulation also captures convectively coupled equatorial waves, including Kelvin waves and easterly waves. Despite the idealization of the aquaplanet setup, the simulated three‐dimensional structure of both groups of waves is consistent with their observed structure as deduced from satellite and reanalysis data. Easterly waves, however, have peak rotation and meridional winds at a slightly higher altitude than in the reanalysis. Future studies may use this simulation to understand how convectively coupled equatorial waves influence the multi‐scale processes leading to tropical cyclogenesis.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tropical Cyclones and Equatorial Waves in a Convection‐Permitting Aquaplanet Simulation With Off‐Equatorial SST Maximum

Rios‐Berrios,

Davis,

Martinez

2023

J Adv Model Earth Syst

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“…The LSC model can be thought of a natural starting point for such studies. Existing research that has used idealized moist GCMs without convection schemes include D. M. W. Frierson et al (2006), Labonté and Merlis (2023) and Rios-Berrios et al (2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-uniqueness in ITCZ latitude due to radiation-circulation coupling in an idealized GCM

Zurita‐Gotor

Held

Merlis

et al. 2023

Preprint

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An idealized aquaplanet moist global atmospheric model with realistic radiative transfer but no clouds and no convective parameterization is found to possess multiple climate equilibria: when forced symmetrically about the equator, in some cases the ITCZ migrates to an off-equatorial equilibrium position. Mechanism denial experiments prescribing relative humidity suggest that radiation-circulation coupling is essential to this instability. The cross-equatorial asymmetry occurs only when the underlying slab ocean is sufficiently deep and the atmosphere’s spectral dynamical core is sufficiently coarse ($\sim$T170 or less with our control parameters). At higher resolutions, initializing with an asymmetric state indicates metastability with very slow return to hemispheric symmetry. There is some sensitivity to the model timestep, which affects the time required to transition to the asymmetric state, with little effect on the equilibrium climate. The instability is enhanced when the planetary boundary layer scheme favors deeper layers or by a prescribed meridional heat transport away from the equator within the slab. The instability is not present when the model is run with a convective parameterization scheme commonly utilized in idealized moist models. A shallow water Hadley cell model is capable of creating a similar symmetry-breaking instability, but the model is too simplified to fit the GCM quantitatively. Analysis of the shallow water model provides a criterion for instability of the symmetric state in that model. These results serve as a warning of the potential for instability and non-uniqueness of climate that may complicate studies with idealized models of the tropical response to perturbations in forcing.

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Comparing the atmospheric and ocean characteristics associated with two distinctly intensified pre‐monsoon tropical cyclones over the Bay of Bengal

Paul,

Panda,

Sarkar

et al. 2024

Quart J Royal Meteoro Soc

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Tropical cyclone (TC) Amphan is analyzed in terms of the various factors that governed the intensification process associated with it and compared with Fani. Furthermore, the TC radial characteristics and ocean productivity are examined. Notably, both TCs formed in the Bay of Bengal during the pre‐monsoon seasons of 2020 and 2019, respectively. For this study, both ocean and atmospheric parameters from various sources including global analyses, satellite observations, and outputs from Model for Prediction Across Scales‐Atmosphere (MPAS‐A) and Advanced Research Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF‐ARW), are considered. The results indicate a gradual decrease in vertical wind shear during Fani. In the case of Amphan, the increase in mid‐tropospheric relative humidity values is found to be substantial. The sea surface cooling after the passage of Amphan was higher than in the case of Fani. The higher sea surface temperature in the Amphan case corresponds to the lower aerosol loading (partly because of lockdown measures) than that of Fani in the pre‐cyclone phase. And the decrease (increase) in aerosol loading coincides with an increase (decrease) in the direct radiative forcing at the ocean surface. The Madden–Julian Oscillation played a greater role in the cyclogenesis of Fani, but Kelvin waves offered a major support in the case of Amphan. The warmer sea surface, higher tropical cyclone heat potential, and conducive ocean and atmospheric setting together supported the further intensification of Amphan to the supercyclone stage. The difference in chlorophyll concentration showed a significant variation, with higher positive values seen in the case of Amphan implicating greater vertical mixing. The numerical modeling effort indicated superior performance of MPAS‐A compared to WRF‐ARW in simulating the radial parameters of the TCs.

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Differences in Tropical Rainfall in Aquaplanet Simulations With Resolved or Parameterized Deep Convection

Cited by 9 publications

References 66 publications

Tropical Cyclones and Equatorial Waves in a Convection‐Permitting Aquaplanet Simulation With Off‐Equatorial SST Maximum

Tropical Cyclones and Equatorial Waves in a Convection‐Permitting Aquaplanet Simulation With Off‐Equatorial SST Maximum

Non-uniqueness in ITCZ latitude due to radiation-circulation coupling in an idealized GCM

Comparing the atmospheric and ocean characteristics associated with two distinctly intensified pre‐monsoon tropical cyclones over the Bay of Bengal

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