Differences of biased recall memory for emotional information among children and adolescents of mothers with MDD, children and adolescents with MDD, and normal controls

Asl, Abouzar Fattahi; Ghanizadeh, Ahmad; Mollazadeh, Javad; Aflakseir, Abdulaziz

doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2015.04.001

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…With respect to the first aim of the study, we expected to find more negative interpretation biases in children and adolescents with MD in comparison to healthy children and adolescents (both high- and low-risk youth), based on theoretical predictions (e.g., Disner et al 2011 ) and previous findings (Orchard et al 2016b ; Micco et al 2014 ). Regarding the second aim, we expected negative interpretation biases to be to some extent present in youth at high risk for depression compared to youth at low risk for depression (corresponding to our previous results, Sfärlea et al 2019 ; as well as Dearing and Gotlib 2009 ; Goodman and Gotlib 1999 ), but to be more pronounced in depressed versus high-risk youth (as found for memory biases; Fattahi Asl et al 2015 ).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 72%

“…No study to date has directly compared interpretation biases in depressed, high-, and low-risk youth. One study that investigated memory biases in children and adolescents with MD, children and adolescents whose mothers were affected by MD, and children and adolescents without familial history of MD (Fattahi Asl et al 2015 ) found negative memory biases in both depressed as well as at-risk youth compared to low-risk youth. However, the negative memory biases were more pronounced in currently depressed children and adolescents than in the at-risk group.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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“I Am a Total…Loser” – The Role of Interpretation Biases in Youth Depression

Sfärlea

Buhl

Loechner

et al. 2020

J Abnorm Child Psychol

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Negative interpretation biases have been found to characterize adults with depression and to be involved in the development and maintenance of the disorder. However, less is known about their role in youth depression. The present study investigated i) whether negative interpretation biases characterize children and adolescents with depression and ii) to what extent these biases are more pronounced in currently depressed youth compared to youth at risk for depression (as some negative interpretation biases have been found already in high-risk youth before disorder onset). After a negative mood induction interpretation biases were assessed with two experimental tasks: Ambiguous Scenarios Task (AST) and Scrambled Sentences Task (SST) in three groups of 9–14-year-olds: children and adolescents with a diagnosis of major depression ( n = 32), children and adolescents with a high risk for depression (children of depressed parents; n = 48), as well as low-risk children and adolescents ( n = 42). Depressed youth exhibited substantially more negative interpretation biases than both high-risk and low-risk groups (as assessed with both tasks), while the high-risk group showed more negative interpretation biases than the low-risk group only as assessed via the SST. The results indicate that the negative interpretation biases that are to some extent already present in high-risk populations before disorder onset are strongly amplified in currently depressed youth. The different findings for the two tasks suggest that more implicit interpretation biases (assessed with the SST) might represent cognitive vulnerabilities for depression whereas more explicit interpretation biases (assessed with the AST) may arise as a consequence of depressive symptomatology. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s10802-020-00670-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“I Am a Total…Loser” – The Role of Interpretation Biases in Youth Depression

Sfärlea

Buhl

Loechner

et al. 2020

J Abnorm Child Psychol

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“…Relative to individuals reporting minimal depressive symptoms, those exhibiting symptoms of depression such as despair and hopelessness have repeatedly been shown to have a greater ability to recall and recognise negative emotional information (Everaert, Duyck, & Koster, 2014;Fattahi Asl, Ghanizadeh, Mollazade, & Aflakseir, 2015;Howe & Malone, 2011). In accordance with popular cognitive models (Beck, 1967;Everaert, Koster, & Derakshan, 2012), an increasing body of research suggests that this negative memory bias may play an important role in increasing an individual's vulnerability to Major Depressive Disorder (MDD; Gotlib and Joormann, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

The influence of REM sleep and SWS on emotional memory consolidation in participants reporting depressive symptoms

Harrington

Johnson

Croom

et al. 2018

Cortex

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Negative emotional memory bias is thought to play a causal role in the onset and maintenance of major depressive disorder. Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep has been shown to selectively consolidate negative emotional memories in healthy participants, and is greater in quantity and density in depressed patients. Slow-Wave Sleep (SWS) is typically associated with the consolidation of non-emotional memories. However, the effects of REM sleep and SWS on emotional memory consolidation have not been investigated in participants reporting depressive symptoms. In this study, we recruited two groups of healthy participants; one reporting mild-to-moderate depressive symptoms, and another reporting minimal depressive symptoms (assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory; BDI-II). Using a within-subjects split-night design, we measured consolidation of positive, neutral and negative images across a 3 h retention interval rich in either REM sleep or SWS. We found a significant sleep condition x image valence interaction in participants reporting depressive symptoms [F (2, 20) = 4.73, p = .021], but not participants reporting minimal depressive symptoms [F (2, 22) = .17, p = .845]. Participants reporting depressive symptoms consolidated significantly more neutral memories during SWS, and marginally more negative memories during REM sleep, than those reporting minimal depressive symptoms [t (21) = 2.44, p = .023; t (21) = 1.96, p = .064, respectively]. Our preliminary results demonstrate that REM sleep and SWS have differential effects on the consolidation of emotional and neutral images in participants reporting depressive symptoms. Further studies including larger sample sizes are required to investigate whether REM sleep alterations promote the development of negative memory bias in major depressive disorder.

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“…However, a review did not find consistent evidence of recall biases in adolescent depression (Platt et al, 2017). Depressive symptoms have been associated with poorer recall of positive information, greater recall of negative information, or a combination of both biases (Alloy et al, 2012;Asarnow et al, 2014;Fattahi Asl et al, 2015;Gençöz et al, 2001;Orchard and Reynolds, 2018;Speed et al, 2016;Woolgar and Tranah, 2010). Others have found no evidence for an association between recall biases and depressive symptoms (Dainer-Best et al, 2018;Holt et al, 2016;Reid et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recall biases may be consistent with self-schema, as information about the self is preferentially remembered compared to information about others (the self-reference effect; Rogers et al, 1977;Symons and Johnson, 1997). Healthy adolescents generally recall more positive than negative self-referential information, which may reduce their risk of depression (Auerbach et al, 2016;Cole et al, 2014;Connolly et al, 2016;Dainer-Best et al, 2018;Fattahi Asl et al, 2015;Hammen and Zupan, 1984;Kuiper and MacDonald, 1982;Prieto et al, 1992;Taylor and Ingram, 1999;Timbremont and Braet, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recall bias during adolescence: Gender differences and associations with depressive symptoms

Bone

Lewis

Roiser

et al. 2021

Journal of Affective Disorders

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Background: There is a sharp increase in depression in females in mid-adolescence, but we do not understand why. Cognitive theories suggest that people with depression have negative biases in recalling self-referential information. We tested whether recall biases were more negative in girls in early and mid-adolescence and were associated with depressive symptoms. Methods: 315 young and 263 mid-adolescents (11-12 and 13-15 years) completed a surprise test, assessing recall of social evaluation about the self (self-referential) or another person (other-referential). The short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire measured depressive symptoms. We tested the effects of condition (self-referential/otherreferential), valence (positive/negative), gender, and age group on correct recall (hits) and associations with depressive symptoms. Results: There was no evidence for gender or age differences in positive or negative self-referential recall. Selfreferential positive hits were negatively associated with depressive symptoms (adjusted coefficient=-0.38, 95% CI=-0.69-0.08, p=0.01). Self-referential negative hits were positively associated with depressive symptoms (adjusted coefficient=0.45, 95% CI=0.15-0.75, p=0.003), and this association was stronger in females (adjusted interaction p=0.04). Limitations: The reliability and validity of the recall task are unknown. We cannot provide evidence of a causal effect of recall on depressive symptoms in this cross-sectional study. Conclusions: Adolescents who recalled more self-referential negative and fewer self-referential positive words had more severe depressive symptoms. Females did not demonstrate more recall biases, but the association between self-referential negative hits and depressive symptoms was stronger in females. Negative self-referential recall may be a risk factor for depressive symptoms and is a good candidate for longitudinal studies.

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Differences of biased recall memory for emotional information among children and adolescents of mothers with MDD, children and adolescents with MDD, and normal controls

Cited by 14 publications

References 23 publications

“I Am a Total…Loser” – The Role of Interpretation Biases in Youth Depression

“I Am a Total…Loser” – The Role of Interpretation Biases in Youth Depression

The influence of REM sleep and SWS on emotional memory consolidation in participants reporting depressive symptoms

Recall bias during adolescence: Gender differences and associations with depressive symptoms

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