Differences That Matter

Zuberi, Dan

doi:10.7591/9781501711251

Cited by 63 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Scholars that explore poverty issues have demonstrated that increased union membership reduces the incident of low-paid jobs (Zuberi, 2006) whilst at the same time boosts the earnings of the less skilled, younger, contingent workers (Maxwell, 2007;Eren, 2009). In this sense, unions are instrumental in promoting a more egalitarian system by influencing policy as well as shaping the regulation and governance of labour markets (Western and Rosenfeld, 2011).…”

Section: Trade Unions Party Orientation and Inequalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of trade unions and government party orientation on income inequality: evidence from 17 OECD economies

Alexiou

Trachanas

2022

JES

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PurposeDespite the existing conceptual analysis on the impact of trade unions on employees' welfare and the wider economy, the mediating effect of political party orientation (i.e., right, centre and left) on income inequality remains under researched. In this paper, the authors empirically explore the relationship between the nature of political party orientation, trade unions and income inequality.Design/methodology/approach The authors use three different measures of income inequality and dummy variables that capture government party orientation with respect to economic policy for a panel of 17 OECD economies over the period 2000–2016. The authors employ a panel fixed effects approach and the Driscoll and Kraay's (1998) nonparametric covariance matrix estimator.FindingsThe empirical evidence indicates that strong unions and, to some extent, left party governance, are fundamental institutional elements to combat rising levels of income inequality whilst countries dominated by right-wing political parties appear to exacerbate income inequality. The results pertaining to the impact of centrist parties on income inequality are ambiguous suggesting that a potential fragmentation may exist in their political approach.Originality/valueThe evidence generated can have significant policy ramifications in alleviating rising levels of income inequality as well in relation to the declining unionization rates observed across advanced economies.

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Section: Trade Unions Party Orientation and Inequalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of trade unions and government party orientation on income inequality: evidence from 17 OECD economies

Alexiou

Trachanas

2022

JES

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“…First of all, the United States hosts the most expensive healthcare system in the world, with strong disparities, and a health insurance system heavily dependent on employment which excludes the unemployed ( 18 – 22 ). Moreover, some individuals combine several jobs but are still categorized as poor, and named the “working poor” ( 23 – 25 ). Ross et al ( 26 ) showed a negative relationship between older working poor and the receiving of preventive care while Miller et al ( 27 ) showed that low income and insured men are under-diagnosed and under-treated for prostate cancer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Empirical Analysis of Health Assessment Objective and Subjective Methods on the Determinants of Health

Fall

Migot-Nabias

Zidi

2022

Front. Public Health

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BackgroundThere are several methods for assessing health status. The aims of this study were to investigate the empirical differences between health assessment objective and subjective methods, to identify a possible long-term relationship between methods and health determinants and the influence of these methods on the perceived level of risk according to health determinants.MethodsUsing data from 1970 to 2018 in the United States, health status was assessed by perception of health, absence from work due to self-reported illness, life expectancy at birth and mortality rate. Health determinants were tobacco and alcohol consumptions, number of physicians per 1,000 persons, stay in hospitalization unit, curative care, release of greenhouse gases, per capita gross domestic product (GDP) and urbanization. The differences between health objective and subjective assessment methods were investigated through a Generalized linear model, a structural break date of health methods was investigated by Chow test and the long-term relationship between health assessment methods and health determinants by Engle and Granger cointegration test.ResultsTobacco consumption was associated with a decrease of life expectancy while no long-term causal relationship was found between them. There was a positive correlation between alcohol consumption and perception of good health with a long-term causal relationship. Although per capita GDP positively influenced life expectancy, there was no cointegration between them. The release of greenhouse gases was positively correlated with both the absence from work due to self-reported illness and the perception of good health. Finally, curative care was associated with a decrease of mortality and absence from work due to self-reported illness and an increase of life expectancy and perception of good health while hospitalization is positively correlated with mortality and negatively correlated with life expectancy with a long-term causal relationship. Finally, the number of physicians per 1,000 persons was not correlated with health assessment methods used.ConclusionOur results highlight the influence of health assessment methods on the determinants of health and the fact that the perceived risk of health determinants changes according to the method used. Thus, the impact of health assessment methods must be considered in order to prioritize the determinants of health.

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