Different Components in Word-List Forgetting of Pure Amnesics, Degenerative Demented and Healthy Subjects

Carlesimo, Giovanni Augusto; Sabbadini, Maurizio; Fadda, Lucia; Caltagirone, Carlo

doi:10.1016/s0010-9452(13)80024-x

Cited by 41 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), immediate recall serial position patterns are also present, although primacy effects are typically attenuated, whereas recency effects are emphasised (e.g., Foldi, Brickman, Schaefer & Knutelska, 2003). In contrast, after a delay (delayed recall), individuals with AD usually show a pronounced memory deficit for recency items (Carlesimo, Sabbadini, Fadda & Caltagirone, 1995). Based on the discrepancy between immediate and delayed recency in AD, Bruno, Reichert and Pomara (2016a) have proposed that a ratio measure obtained from these two scores, i.e., the recency ratio (Rr), may be a useful cognitive marker of intellectual impairment, with higher ratios linked with more risk of cognitive decline.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The recency ratio is associated with reduced CSF glutamate in late-life depression

Bruno

Nierenberg

Cooper

et al. 2017

Neurobiology of Learning and Memory

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Glutamate is the principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, and is thought to be involved in the process of memory encoding and storage. Glutamate disturbances have also been reported in psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia and major depressive disorder (MDD), and in Alzheimer’s disease. In this paper, we set out to study the relationship between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) glutamate levels and memory performance, which we believe has not been reported previously. In particular, we focused on recall performance broken down by serial position. Our prediction was that the recency ratio (Rr), a novel cognitive marker of intellectual impairment, would be linked with CSF glutamate levels. We studied data from a group of cognitively intact elderly individuals, 28 of whom had MDD, while 19 were controls. Study results indicated that Rr levels, but no other memory score, were inversely correlated with CSF glutamate levels, although this was found only in individuals with late-life MDD. For comparison, glutamine or GABA were not correlated with any memory performance measure.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The recency ratio is associated with reduced CSF glutamate in late-life depression

Bruno

Nierenberg

Cooper

et al. 2017

Neurobiology of Learning and Memory

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“…In a seminal study, Carlesimo, Sabbadini, Fadda and Caltagirone (1995; see also 1997 for a comparison of young and older cognitively intact participants) analysed the serial position performance of participants with AD and controls, comparing immediate and delayed performance, and concluded that participants with AD (and, incidentally, amnesics) suffered the "(…) most forgetting (…)" over time due "(…) to a loss of information from the recency part of the serial position curve" (p. 743). This conclusion suggests that individuals with AD may be overly reliant on Recency ratio and performance recency and short term memory processing in immediate memory tasks due to a comparatively greater loss of longer term memory ability (although, notably, individuals with AD have also been found to report working memory deficits, and especially issues with the central executive; Baddeley, Bressi, Della Sala, Logie & Spinnler, 1991;Rutherford & Bruno, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The recency ratio as an index of cognitive performance and decline in elderly individuals

Bruno

Plaska

Pomara

2016

Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology

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Individuals with Alzheimer's disease have been found to present a typical serial position curve in immediate recall tests, showing poor primacy performance and exaggerated recency recall.However, the recency advantage is usually lost after a delay. On this basis, we examined whether the recency ratio (Rr), calculated by dividing recency performance in an immediate memory task by recency performance in a delayed task, was a useful risk marker of cognitive decline. We tested whether change in MMSE performance between baseline and follow up was predicted by baseline Rr, and found this to be the case (N = 245). From these analyses, we conclude that participants with high Rr scores, who show disproportionate recency recall in the immediate test compared to the delayed test, present signs of being at risk for cognitive decline or dysfunction.

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“…In memory tests, the procedures that control for acquisition during the learning phase have consistently proved to be good discriminators between subjects with mild AD and matched nondemented controls (Grober et al, 1988;Petersen et al, 1994;Welsh et al, 1994). Recent evidence suggests that the memory deficit at this transentorhinal stage of AD, which is the very earliest phase of AD pathology (Braak and Braak, 1991), is impaired consolidation into long-term memory within the first few minutes following acquisition rather than accelerated forgetting (Carlesimo et al, 1995;Greene et al, 1996;Christensen et al, 1998) or a failure in metacognitive monitoring (Moulin et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Encoding of novel picture pairs activates the perirhinal cortex: An fMRI study

et al. 2002

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It is well established in nonhuman primates that the medial temporal lobe (MTL) structures, the hippocampus and the entorhinal and perirhinal cortices, are necessary for declarative memory encoding. In humans, the neuropathological and neuropsychological changes in early Alzheimer's disease (AD) further support a role for the rhinal cortex in the consolidation of new events into long-term memory. Little is known, however, regarding the function of the rhinal cortex in humans in vivo. To examine the participation of the interconnected MTL structures as well as the whole-brain network of activated brain areas in visual associative long-term memory, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to determine the brain regions that are activated during encoding and retrieval of paired pictures in 12 young control subjects. The most striking finding in the MTL activation pattern was the consistent activation of the perirhinal cortex in the encoding-baseline and encoding-retrieval comparisons with a strict statistical threshold (P < 0.00001). In contrast, no perirhinal cortex activation was detected in the retrieval-baseline or retrieval-encoding comparisons even with a low statistical threshold (P < 0.05). The location of the perirhinal activation area was in the transentorhinal part of the perirhinal cortex, in the medial bank of the collateral sulcus. The hippocampus and the more posterior parahippocampal gyrus were activated in both encoding and retrieval conditions. During the encoding processing, MTL activations were more consistent and the hippocampal activation area located more anteriorly than during retrieval. The frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital association cortices were also activated in the encoding-baseline and retrieval-baseline comparisons. The data suggest that encoding, but not retrieval, of novel picture pairs activates the perirhinal cortex. To our knowledge, this is the first fMRI study reporting encoding activation in this transentorhinal part of the perirhinal cortex, the site of the very earliest neuropathological changes in AD.

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Different Components in Word-List Forgetting of Pure Amnesics, Degenerative Demented and Healthy Subjects

Cited by 41 publications

References 25 publications

The recency ratio is associated with reduced CSF glutamate in late-life depression

The recency ratio is associated with reduced CSF glutamate in late-life depression

The recency ratio as an index of cognitive performance and decline in elderly individuals

Encoding of novel picture pairs activates the perirhinal cortex: An fMRI study

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