Different effects of high-fat and high-sucrose diets on the physiology of perivascular adipose tissues of the thoracic and abdominal aorta

Abstract

Vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and aneurysms are associated with diet. Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) was reportedly involved in the regulation of vascular functions. It is suggested that imbalanced diets can cause PVAT inflammation and dysfunction as well as impaired vascular function. However, the association between diets and PVAT are not clearly understood. Here, we showed that a high-fat and a high-sucrose diet affected PVAT at different sites. A high-fat diet induced increased number of large-sized lipid droplets and increased CD (Cluster of differentiation) 68+ macrophage- and monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1-positive areas in the abdominal aortic PVAT (aPVAT). In addition, a high-fat diet caused decreased collagen fibre-positive area and increased CD68+ macrophage- and MCP-1-positive areas in the abdominal aorta. In contrast, a high-sucrose diet induced increased number of large-sized lipid droplets, increased CD68+ macrophage- and MCP-1-positive areas, and decreased UCP-1 positive area in the thoracic aortic PVAT (tPVAT). A high-sucrose diet caused decreased collagen fibre-positive area and increased CD68+ macrophage- and MCP-1-positive areas in the thoracic aorta. These results could be attributed to the different adipocyte populations in the tPVAT and aPVAT. Our results provide pathological evidence to improve our understanding of the relationship between diet and vascular diseases.

The Role of Obesity-Induced Perivascular Adipose Tissue (PVAT) Dysfunction in Vascular Homeostasis

“…The recent published study has showed that a high-fat (HF) and a high-sucrose (HS) diet affected PVAT at different sites. Sasoh et al have presented characteristic differences in the effects of HF and HS diets on PVAT and aortae [131]. A HF diet induced an increased number of large-sized lipid droplets and increased cluster of differentiation (CD) 68+ macrophage-and monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1-positive areas in the abdominal aortic PVAT (aPVAT).…”

“…For example, angiotensinogen levels were increased in both tPVAT and aPVAT of the HF group. The authors concluded that the potential mechanisms underlying these effects may be related to the different adipocyte species that comprise tPVAT and aPVAT [131]. Victorio et al reported that the effect of HF and HS diets on PVAT differs depending on sex [132].…”

Influence of Perivascular Adipose Tissue on Microcirculation: A Link Between Hypertension and Obesity

“…29 Increased inflammation and oxidative stress of abdominal and thoracic aortic PVAT has been observed after high-fat and high-sucrose diet, respectively. 40 The Mediterranean diet is the most popular diet among those reducing cardiovascular risk. A significant reduction in IL-6 levels after dietary intervention has been observed in human patients, suggesting an anti-inflammatory property of the Mediterranean diet.…”

Are Dietary Sugars Potent Adipose Tissue and Immune Cell Modulators?

“…↓ Immune suppressive function of Treg cells without changes in the percentage of the population [55] in vitro-primary human monocytes 11.1 mM fructose in culture medium Different time-points ↓ Metabolic plasticity of monocytes ↑ Expression of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α [47] in vivo-Dahl salt-sensitive and Dahl salt-resistant rats 20% fructose in H 2 O 4 weeks ↑ % of Th17 cells [56] Fructose and sucrose in vivo-male BALB/c and LysM-eGFP mice 20% fructose20% sucrose (control),both in the chow 12-14 weeks ↑ Leukocyte count in circulation and infiltrated neutrophils in the liver ↓ Neutrophil infiltration into AT [26] Galactose in vitro-human monocytes 11.1 mM galactose in culture medium Different time-points ↓ Metabolic plasticity of monocytes [47] in vitro-THP-1 cells 2 g/L of RPMI 5 days until experiments ↓ TNF-α expression and preference for OXPHOS [57] in vitro-bone marrow DCs from male C57BL/6J mice 10 mM of galactose in culture medium 24-72 h • Induces the maintenance of activating markers on DCs for 72h [58] Glucose in vitro-human DCs Range from 5 to 25 mM glucose in culture medium 24-72 h ↑ Expression of HIF-1α [34] in vitro-human and male C57BL/6J mice CD8+ T cells 25 mM glucose 3 days ↑ Glycolysis and cytotoxic capacity of CTLs [59] Table 1. Cont.…”

“…• Neutrophil and macrophage modulation in early acute pancreatitis • Possible interaction with lactose-Galectin 3 [45] Sucrose in vivo-male Wistar rats 5% (w/v) in H 2 O 12 weeks ↑ Circulating neutrophils, lymphocytes, and basophiles [11] in vivo-male Sprague Dawley 700 g/kg of chow 5 weeks ↑ CD68 + macrophage infiltration into tPVAT and aPVAT ↑ Expression of MCP-1 in both tissues [57] ↑-increase in; ↓-decrease in; IDH2 KO-isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 knock out mice; ICAM-1-intercellular adhesion molecule 1; CCL2-C-C motif chemokine ligand 2; CCL19-C-C motif chemokine ligand 19; AT-adipose tissue; DCs-dendritic cells; Treg-regulatory T cells; IL-1β-interleukin-1β; IL-6-interleukin-6; IL-10-interleukin-10; TNF-α-tumor necrosis factor-α; Th17-T helper 17 cells; OXPHOS-oxidative phosphorylation; HIF-1α-hypoxia-inducible factor-1α; CTLs-cytotoxic T lymphocytes; tPVAT-thoracic perivascular adipose tissue; aPVAT-abdominal perivascular adipose tissue; MCP-1-monocyte chemoattractant protein 1.…”