Different forms of interference between two tobamoviruses in two different hosts

Abstract

Oilseed rape mosaic (ORMV) and tobacco mild green mosaic (TMGMV) tobamoviruses interfered with each other when infecting the same host, and interference was host-dependent. In tobacco cross-protection was obtained in two ways: the protecting virus prevented the accumulation of the challenging virus, even in the inoculated leaf; in Arabidopsis, protection was obtained only when the protecting virus was TMGMV. The protecting mechanism in Arabidopsis appeared to differ from that operating in tobacco. Although ORMV could be detected in the inoculated leaf, TMGMV prevented systemic infection by ORMV. Thus the host appears to play an important role in this type of cross-protection.

Asymmetrical over-infection as a process of plant virus emergence

“…Examples of such asymmetrical efficiency are quite rare in the literature (e.g. between strains of Sugarcane mosaic virus (Krstic, 1995), Potato virus A (Valkonen et al, 2002), Cucumber mosaic virus (Tian et al, 2009) or between Oilseed rape mosaic virus and Tobacco mild green mosaic virus (Aguilar et al, 2000)). This asymmetry might be related to a more efficient accumulation, migration and/or silencing suppression in EM strains, thus overcoming the cross-protection mechanisms.…”

The interaction between Turnip crinkle virus p38 and Cucumber mosaic virus 2b and its critical domains

“…For example, the interactions between Potato virus X (PVX) and other unrelated viruses, including Tobacco vein mottling virus (TVMV) and Tobacco etch virus (TEV), can enhance the accumulation of the viruses (Sáenz et al, 2001;Yang and Ravelonandro, 2002). In contrast with synergism, one virus also can prevent or significantly reduce the expression of mixed infected another virus, which is known as antagonism (Aguilar et al, 2000). This phenomenon often occurs in two closely related viruses belonging to one family or sometimes in unrelated viruses from different families (Kurihara and Watanabe, 2003;Owor et al, 2004).…”

The capsid protein p38 of turnip crinkle virus is associated with the suppression of cucumber mosaic virus in Arabidopsis thaliana co-infected with cucumber mosaic virus and turnip crinkle virus

“…Mixed infection of CMV and Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) can induce more severe symptoms in N. benthamiana than single infection, but local interference between the two viruses can be detected even in the synergism (Takeshita et al, 2012). In contrast with synergism, mixed infection of two or more viruses can cause different degrees of antagonism (Bennett, 1951;Aguilar et al, 2000). In this phenomenon, the activity of a virus in a plant prevents or significantly reduces the expression of a subsequent challenge virus, which has been shown to be a strategy that can be used to control several viral diseases, including protection of crops from potyviral diseases, as well as CMV (Fulton, 1986;Sherwood, 1987;Aguilar et al, 2000).…”

“…In contrast with synergism, mixed infection of two or more viruses can cause different degrees of antagonism (Bennett, 1951;Aguilar et al, 2000). In this phenomenon, the activity of a virus in a plant prevents or significantly reduces the expression of a subsequent challenge virus, which has been shown to be a strategy that can be used to control several viral diseases, including protection of crops from potyviral diseases, as well as CMV (Fulton, 1986;Sherwood, 1987;Aguilar et al, 2000). This phenomenon often occurs in unrelated viruses from different families or two closely related viruses belonging to one genus, including both RNA and DNA viruses, but the mechanism remains elusive (Kurihara and Watanabe, 2003;Owor et al, 2004;Kamei et al, 1969;Otsuki and Takebe, 1976 ).…”