Different frequencies of Porphyromonas gingivalis infection in cancers of the upper digestive tract

Yuan, Xiang; Liu, Yiwen; Kong, Jinyu; Gu, Bianli; Qi, Yi-Jun; Wang, Xinshuai; Sun, Mingjun; Pan, Ci; Sun, Wei; Wang, Huizhi; Zhou, Fuyou; Gao, Shegan

doi:10.1016/j.canlet.2017.07.003

Cited by 62 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…First, the systemic spread of oral bacteria could enable oral disease to affect gastric tissue. Oral bacterial infections, including with Porphyromonas gingivalis , can be closely associated with GI cancer (Kageyama et al., 2019; Yuan et al., 2017). The dissemination of oral bacteria by swallowing saliva, which contains a large number of bacteria, could explain its involvement in inflammation in the GI tract (Nasidze, Li, Quinque, Tang, & Stoneking, 2009; Socransky & Haffajee, 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral health and gastrointestinal cancer: A nationwide cohort study

Lee

Kim

et al. 2020

J Clinic Periodontology

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Aims Poor oral hygiene is closely associated with bacteraemia and systemic inflammation, which are known mediators of cancer development. We investigated the relationship between oral hygiene indicators and the risk of gastrointestinal cancer in a nationwide population‐based cohort. Materials and Methods This study was conducted on data from 150,774 subjects from the Korean National Health Screening Cohort. The occurrence of gastrointestinal cancer was analysed according to the presence of periodontal disease and oral hygiene indicators: frequency of toothbrushing, dental visits for any reason, professional dental cleanings and number of missing teeth. Gastrointestinal cancer was defined using International Statistical Classification of Diseases‐10 codes C15–C26. Results During a median 11.6 years of follow‐up, the estimated 10‐year event rate for gastrointestinal cancer was 6.76%. In a multivariable analysis, after adjusting for age, sex, income level, regular exercise, alcohol consumption, smoking status, body mass index, history of comorbidities, systolic blood pressure and laboratory findings, frequent toothbrushing (≥3/day) was significantly associated with a reduced risk for gastrointestinal cancer (hazard ratio: 0.91, 95% confidence interval (0.86–0.96), p < .001, p for trend < .001). Conclusions Good oral hygiene behaviour, especially frequent toothbrushing, could be associated with a lower risk of gastrointestinal cancer.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral health and gastrointestinal cancer: A nationwide cohort study

Lee

Kim

et al. 2020

J Clinic Periodontology

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“…Also, an F. nucleatum infection can induce other damage‐associated molecular patterns that mediate inflammasomes, including high‐mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) and apoptosis‐associated speck‐like protein (ASP), with a time course similar to that of caspase 1 activation . Studies have found that P. gingivalis is detected frequently in esophageal cancer and dysplasia tissues but rarely in noncancerous and normal tissues . P. gingivalis infection has also been positively associated with multiple clinical pathologic characteristics, including differentiation status, metastasis, and overall survival rate .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…39 Studies have found that P. gingivalis is detected frequently in esophageal cancer and dysplasia tissues but rarely in noncancerous and normal tissues. 24,40 P. gingivalis infection has also been positively associated with multiple clinical pathologic characteristics, including differentiation status, metastasis, and overall survival rate. 24 However, these studies investigated the presence of P. gingivalis rather than the relative abundance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial characterization of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and gastric cardia adenocarcinoma from a high‐risk region of China

Shao

Vogtmann

Liu

et al. 2019

Cancer

116

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Background Little is known about the microbiota and upper gastrointestinal tumors. Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and gastric cardia adenocarcinoma (GCA) occur in adjacent organs, co‐occur geographically, and share many risk factors despite being of different tissue types. Methods This study characterized the microbial communities of paired tumor and nontumor samples from 67 patients with ESCC and 36 patients with GCA in Henan, China. DNA was extracted with the MoBio PowerSoil kit. The V4 region of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene was sequenced with MiniSeq and was processed with Quantitative Insights Into Microbial Ecology 1. The linear discriminant analysis effect size method was used to identify differentially abundant microbes, the Wilcoxon rank‐sum test was used to test α diversity differences, and permutational multivariate analysis of variance was used to test for differences in β diversity. Results The microbial environments of ESCC and GCA tissues were all composed primarily of Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria. ESCC tumor tissues contained more Fusobacterium (3.2% vs 1.3%) and less Streptococcus (12.0% vs 30.2%) than nontumor tissues. GCA nontumor tissues had a greater abundance of Helicobacter (60.5% vs 11.8%), which may have been linked to the lower α diversity (58.0 vs 102.5; P = .0012) in comparison with tumor tissues. A comparison of ESCC and GCA nontumor tissues showed that the microbial composition (P = .0040) and the α diversity (87.0 vs 58.0; P = .00052) were significantly different. No significant differences were detected for α diversity within ESCC and GCA tumor tissues. Conclusions This study showed differences in the microbial compositions of paired ESCC and GCA tumor and nontumor tissues and differences by organ site. Large‐scale, prospective cohort studies are needed to confirm these findings.

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“…In a study by Yuan et al [101], P. gingivalis was detected preferentially and frequently in esophageal cancer and dysplasia of the esophagus, but rarely in matching non-cancerous portions. This bacterium was quite low or absent in cancers from the cardia or remaining stomach.…”

Section: Porphyromonas Gingivalis and Esophageal Squamous Carcinomamentioning

confidence: 96%

Possible role of Porphyromonas gingivalis in orodigestive cancers

Olsen

Yılmaz

2019

Journal of Oral Microbiology

142

117

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There is increasing evidence for an association between periodontitis/tooth loss and oral, gastrointestinal, and pancreatic cancers. Periodontal disease, which is characterized by chronic inflammation and microbial dysbiosis, is a significant risk factor for orodigestive carcinogenesis. Porphyromonas gingivalis is proposed as a keystone pathogen in chronic periodontitis causing both dysbiosis and discordant immune response. The present review focuses on the growing recognition of a relationship between P. gingivalis and orodigestive cancers. Porphyromonas gingivalis has been recovered in abundance from oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Recently established tumorigenesis models have indicated a direct relationship between P. gingivalis and carcinogenesis. The bacterium upregulates specific receptors on OSCC cells and keratinocytes, induces epithelial-to-mesenchymal (EMT) transition of normal oral epithelial cells and activates metalloproteinase-9 and interleukin-8 in cultures of the carcinoma cells. In addition, P. gingivalis accelerates cell cycling and suppresses apoptosis in cultures of primary oral epithelial cells. In oral cancer cells, the cell cycle is arrested and there is no effect on apoptosis, but macro autophagy is increased. Porphyromonas gingivalis promotes distant metastasis and chemoresistance to anti-cancer agents and accelerates proliferation of oral tumor cells by affecting gene expression of defensins, by peptidyl-arginine deiminase and noncanonical activation of β-catenin. The pathogen also converts ethanol to the carcinogenic intermediate acetaldehyde. In addition, P. gingivalis can be implicated in precancerous gastric and colon lesions, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, head and neck (larynx, throat, lip, mouth and salivary glands) carcinoma, and pancreatic cancer. The fact that distant organs can be involved clearly emphasizes that P. gingivalis has systemic tumorigenic effects in addition to the local effects in its native territory, the oral cavity. Although coinfection with other bacteria, viruses, and fungi occurs in periodontitis, P. gingivalis relates to cancer even in absence of periodontitis. Thus, there may be a direct relationship between P. gingivalis and orodigestive cancers.

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Different frequencies of Porphyromonas gingivalis infection in cancers of the upper digestive tract

Cited by 62 publications

References 20 publications

Oral health and gastrointestinal cancer: A nationwide cohort study

Oral health and gastrointestinal cancer: A nationwide cohort study

Microbial characterization of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and gastric cardia adenocarcinoma from a high‐risk region of China

Possible role of Porphyromonas gingivalis in orodigestive cancers

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