Different health effects of indoor‐ and outdoor‐originated PM _2.5 on cardiopulmonary function in COPD patients and healthy elderly adults

Abstract

Numerous research has explored the associations of outdoor or indoor fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and health effects; however, few studies compared the effects of indoor PM2.5 originated from outdoor (PM2.5,os) and indoor sources (PM2.5,is). To assess the associations of PM2.5,os and PM2.5,is with cardiopulmonary function in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and healthy elderly adults, blood pressure (BP) and pulmonary function were repeatedly examined in 43 COPD patients and their 32 healthy spouses in Beijing, China. Iron was used as tracer element to separate PM2.5,os and PM2.5,is. Mixed‐effects models were applied to assess the associations of PM2.5,os or PM2.5,is and health effects after controlling for potential confounders. There was a reduction in forced expiratory volume in first second (FEV1) in COPD patients associated with PM2.5,is during the heating season. PM2.5,os was positively associated with diastolic BP (DBP) in healthy elderly adults during the heating season. There was a reduction in peak expiratory flow (PEF) in healthy elderly adults associated with PM2.5,os during the non‐heating season. Exposure to indoor‐ and outdoor‐originated PM2.5 had different health effects on cardiopulmonary function in different populations. The results provide supporting evidence for improving indoor air quality to promote public health among susceptible population.

A Bibliometric Analysis of the Impacts of Air Pollution on Children

“…It is well known that air pollution is a risk factor for the population, especially for children [23]. Considering that children spend time both indoors and outdoors, many studies consider both indoor and outdoor exposure [24]. Air pollution has adverse effects on cardiorespiratory effects, including asthma prevalence [25].…”

Incidence and death in 29 cancer groups in 2017 and trend analysis from 1990 to 2017 from the Global Burden of Disease Study

“…Poor air quality and the built-in environment are most closely associated with the incidence of cancer [26]. Previous studies have reported that the concentration of particulate matter (PM) 2.5 (PM ≤ 2.5 μm) showed a positive correlation with the incidence of lung cancer [26–28].…”

Redistribution of PM2.5‐associated nitrate and ammonium during outdoor‐to‐indoor transport

“…Exposure to particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter <2.5 μm (PM 2.5 ) has been associated with both human morbidity and mortality . PM 2.5 compositions have been suggested to play a causative role in these adverse health effects .…”

“…Nitrate (NO 3 − ) and ammonium (NH 4 + ) are inorganic constituents of PM 2.5 that can constitute 20% or more of total ambient PM 2.5 dry mass . These ions have also been consistently correlated with adverse health effects in epidemiology studies . Accurate determination of human exposure to PM 2.5 ‐associated nitrate and ammonium would facilitate health effects analysis and development of source control strategies.…”