Different cagA and vacA Polymorphisms are Found in the Chinese versus the Malay and Indian Populations: An Analysis of Helicobacter Pylori Virulence Genes in Singapore

Lui, Sook Yin; Chuah, Sai Wei; Goh, Hui Lin; Lee, Kar Yee; Lee, Victoria Serelli; Ho, Bow; Ling, Khoon Lin

doi:10.1177/201010581001900103

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(33 reference statements)

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“…looking at CagA EPIYA motifs strains from our center and another center from Singapore with the same racial mix, it was found that the majority of strains derived from Chinese patients with functional dyspepsia and GCA harbored the more virulent EPIYA ABD motif, whereas the Malay and Indian isolates were predominately that of the ABC motif . Similar results were noted form other studies from Malaysia and Singapore where Chinese strains were again predominantly ABD motif compared with Malay and Indian strains, which were of the ABC or ABCC motif …”

Section: Gastric Cancer Paradox—“the Indian Enigma”supporting

confidence: 86%

“…Lui et al showed that Malay and Indian isolates showed an s1/m1/i1 allelic pattern while the Chinese showed a mixture of s1/m1/i1 and an s1/m2/i1 allelic combination. 29 In another study, Alfizah et al again showed a similar gene combination of s1/m1 and s1/m2 in Chinese while the Malays and Indians showed a predominant allelic type of s1/m1. 30 Tan et al sub typed the s1 allele and showed that the s1a gene was predominant in Malays and Indians and the s1c gene in Chinese.…”

Section: Gastric Cancer Paradox-"the Indian Enigma"mentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Lui et al . showed that Malay and Indian isolates showed an s1/m1/i1 allelic pattern while the Chinese showed a mixture of s1/m1/i1 and an s1/m2/i1 allelic combination . In another study, Alfizah et al .…”

Section: Gastric Cancer Paradox—“the Indian Enigma”mentioning

confidence: 92%

“…28 Similar results were noted form other studies from Malaysia and Singapore where Chinese strains were again predominantly ABD motif compared with Malay and Indian strains, which were of the ABC or ABCC motif. 29,30 Studies on Vac A have yielded more mixed results. Lui et al showed that Malay and Indian isolates showed an s1/m1/i1 allelic pattern while the Chinese showed a mixture of s1/m1/i1 and an s1/m2/i1 allelic combination.…”

Section: Gastric Cancer Paradox-"the Indian Enigma"mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lessons learnt from the epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori infection in Malaysia: JGHF Marshall and Warren Lecture 2017

Goh

2018

J of Gastro and Hepatol

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The study of Helicobacter pylori in Malaysia has given several important insights into the epidemiology of the infection and pathogenesis of disease. Malaysia has a multiracial Asian population with three major Asian races living together-Malay, Chinese, and Indian. Races remain fairly distinct because of a paucity of interracial marriages. The "Racial Cohort Hypothesis" proposes that the infection occurs within racial groups rather than between. As such, the high prevalence among Indians (> 50%) and Chinese (40-50%) reflects the high prevalence in their countries of origin even though migration had taken place more than two generations before. The Malays have a comparatively low prevalence of about 10-20%. Despite the high prevalence of H. pylori, the Indians have a low gastric cancer incidence of less than 10 per 100 000 per year. This is in contrast to the Chinese who has an incidence in excess of 20 per 100 000 per year. We have called this the "Indian Enigma." The reason for this enigma is unclear and is the result of interaction between bacterial virulence factors, host susceptibility, and environmental factors. Phylogenetically, Chinese bacterial strains are distinct from Indians and Malays and are predominantly hpEastAsia/hsp EAsia. CagA EPIYA motifs among Chinese belong predominantly to the more virulent ABD motif. There is no clear distinguishing profile among host genetic factors. Environmental factors particularly diet may play an important role. Indians consume chilies and curries, which may be gastro protective, whereas Chinese consume more preserved and salted foods, which are thought to be carcinogenic.

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Section: Gastric Cancer Paradox—“the Indian Enigma”supporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Gastric Cancer Paradox-"the Indian Enigma"mentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Gastric Cancer Paradox—“the Indian Enigma”mentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Gastric Cancer Paradox-"the Indian Enigma"mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Lessons learnt from the epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori infection in Malaysia: JGHF Marshall and Warren Lecture 2017

Goh

2018

J of Gastro and Hepatol

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“…Bagheri et al. revealed the high abundance of vacA i1 allele in Iranian patients [ [24] , [25] , [26] ].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Is there a relationship between Helicobacter pylori vacA i1 or i2 alleles and development into peptic ulcer and gastric cancer? A meta-analysis study on an Iranian population

Keikha¹

2020

New Microbes and New Infections

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Helicobacter pylori has several virulance factor i.e. VacA , CagA , BabA , SabA , AlpA , AlpB and etc. VacA has several polymorphic region in the nucleotide sequence such as s,m,i,d and, c. It has been suggested that each variation in these polymorphic region has been influenced the toxicity of VacA toxin. We performed a comprehensive meta-analysis to determine the main role of VacA i1/i2 in development into peptic ulcer and gastric cancer in an Iranian population.

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Helicobacter pylori vacA i region polymorphism but not babA2 status associated to gastric cancer risk in northwestern Iran

et al. 2014

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Helicobacter pylori-specific genotypes have been strongly associated with an increased risk of gastric cancer (GC). The aim of the present work was to study the associations of H. pylori virulence factors, vacA i region polymorphisms and babA2 status with GC risk in Azerbaijan patients. The DNA extracted from gastric biopsy specimens was used to access the babA2 and vacA genotypes. Overall, babA2 was present in 85.39 % (76/89) of H. pylori strains: 19 out of 24 (79.16 %) strains from GC, 16 out of 17 (94.14 %) strains from peptic ulcer disease (PUD) and 41 out of 48 (85.14 %) strains from chronic gastritis. No significant association was found between babA2 genotype and clinical outcomes (P > 0.05). i1 vacA polymorphism was detected in 46/89 (51.68 %) strains: in 21/24 (87.5 %), 6/17 (35.29 %) and 19/48 (39.58 %) patients with GC, PUD and chronic gastritis, respectively. i2 allele was detected in 43 (48.31 %) out of all 89 strains examined: 3 (14.28 %) of 24 strains from GC, 11 (64.71 %) of 17 from PUD, and 29 (60.42 %) of 48 strains from chronic gastritis. In this study, multiple linear regression analysis confirmed the strong association of i1 allele with GC (partial regression correlation 0.455 ± 0.101; P = 0). Results of multiple logistic regression analysis showed that vacA i1 genotype was significantly associated with GC compared with a control group (gastritis) (odds ratio 13.142, 95 % CI 3.116-55.430; P = 0). Findings from the measurement of H. pylori babA2 and vacA genotypes indicate a strong correlation between the vacA i1 allele and GC risk in the Azerbaijan area of Iran.

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Different cagA and vacA Polymorphisms are Found in the Chinese versus the Malay and Indian Populations: An Analysis of Helicobacter Pylori Virulence Genes in Singapore

Cited by 4 publications

References 21 publications

Lessons learnt from the epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori infection in Malaysia: JGHF Marshall and Warren Lecture 2017

Lessons learnt from the epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori infection in Malaysia: JGHF Marshall and Warren Lecture 2017

Is there a relationship between Helicobacter pylori vacA i1 or i2 alleles and development into peptic ulcer and gastric cancer? A meta-analysis study on an Iranian population

Helicobacter pylori vacA i region polymorphism but not babA2 status associated to gastric cancer risk in northwestern Iran

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