Different influences of two types of El Niños on the Indian Ocean SST variations

Tao, Wanyin; Huang, Gang; Hu, Kaiming; Qü, Xia; Gu, Wen; Gong, Yuanfa

doi:10.1007/s00704-013-1022-x

Cited by 17 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…This appears to also be consistent with the sensitivity of Southeast Asian tree-ring chronologies to early monsoon season moisture . Previous studies have shown a seasonal phase-locking signal for El Niño including an intensification in late summer to early fall, peak in winter, and decay in the following spring , Tao et al 2014. In contrast, El Niño Modoki events show a different temporal signal, along with remote ocean SST distribution and global impacts.…”

Section: Impact Of Weakened South Asian Monsoon On Regional Climatementioning

confidence: 89%

“…Canonical (eastern Pacific) El Niño and so-called El Niño Modoki events have different spatial and temporal signals , Taschetto et al 2010. El Niño Modoki events, characterized by a warming pattern in the central Pacific, influence tropical circulation via meridional SST gradients and an anomalous two-cell Walker Circulation in the troposphere throughout the tropical Pacific , Taschetto et al 2010, Tao et al 2014.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Multi-scale drought and ocean–atmosphere variability in monsoon Asia

Hernández

Ummenhofer

Anchukaitis

2015

Environ. Res. Lett.

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Spatially extensive and persistent drought episodes have repeatedly influenced human history, including the 'Strange Parallels' drought event in monsoon Asia during the mid-18th century. Here we explore the dynamics of sustained monsoon failure using observed and tree-ring reconstructed drought patterns and a 1300-year pre-industrial community earth system model control run. Both modern observational and climate model drought patterns during years with extremely weakened South Asian monsoon resemble those reconstructed for the Strange Parallels drought. Model analysis reveals that this pattern arises during boreal spring over Southeast Asia, with decreased precipitation and moisture flux, while related summertime climate anomalies are confined to the Indian subcontinent. Years with simulated South Asian drying exhibit canonical El Niño conditions over the Pacific and associated shifts in the Walker circulation. In contrast, multi-year drought periods, resembling those sustained during the Strange Parallels drought, feature anomalous Pacific warming around the dateline, typical of El Niño Modoki events.

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Section: Impact Of Weakened South Asian Monsoon On Regional Climatementioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-scale drought and ocean–atmosphere variability in monsoon Asia

Hernández

Ummenhofer

Anchukaitis

2015

Environ. Res. Lett.

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“…The interannual sea surface temperature (SST) variation in the Indian Ocean exerts a great influence on the surrounding regions. The first leading mode of the interannual Indian Ocean SST variability features a basin‐wide warming or cooling, called as IOBM (Indian Ocean Basin Mode; Yulaeva and Wallace, ; Klein et al ., ; Alexander et al ., ; Chowdary and Gnanaseelan, ; Du et al ., ; Schott et al ., ; Chakravorty et al ., ; Tao et al ., ). When IOBM is in the warming state, warm tropospheric Kelvin wave is triggered, which can contribute to the development of an anomalous anticyclone over the Northwest Pacific (NWP) via the ‘capacitor effect’ (Xie et al ., ), the meridional displacement of the East Asian jet (EAJ) (Qu and Huang, ) and the intensity of the South Asia high (SAH; Huang et al ., ; Qu and Huang, ), and thus affect the East Asian climate, including summer rainfall (Xie et al ., ), typhoon (Du et al ., ), high temperature extremes (Hu et al ., 2011, 2012a, 2012b) and so on.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interdecadal modulation of ENSO teleconnections to the Indian Ocean Basin Mode and their relationship under global warming in CMIP5 models

Tao

Huang

et al. 2014

Intl Journal of Climatology

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On the basis of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5) models, this study have examined the ability of models to capture the El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO)-Indian Ocean Basin Mode (IOBM) relationship, and investigated the characteristics of interdecadal change of ENSO-IOBM relationship as well as the response of the ENSO-IOBM relationship to the global warming. Among 23 CMIP5 models, the capability of models in representing the IOBM depends largely on the simulation of ENSO. Moreover, half of the models can reproduce the unstable ENSO-IOBM relationship. Considering the simulations of ENSO, ENSO-IOBM relationship and interdecadal change, 6 of 23 CMIP5 models are chosen for further investigation. The interdecadal change of ENSO-IOBM relationship is relative to the three ENSO-related processes. During the high correlation (HC) period, the tropospheric temperature (TT) mechanism, oceanic Rossby waves and antisymmetric wind pattern are strong, prolonging the persistence of IOBM. In comparison, during the low correlation (LC) period, the three processes are weak. The results show that the shallow thermocline in the southwestern Indian Ocean (SWIO), increased interannual variability and prolonged periodicity of ENSO are all responsible for the interdecadal change.Furthermore, the possible changes of ENSO-IOBM relationship in the future are investigated. The ENSO-related tropical Indian Ocean (TIO) warming is strengthened under global warming. Despite the deepened thermocline over SWIO and unchanged ENSO activity, the ENSO-related TIO warming is strengthened by the enhanced TT mechanism, which is caused by the increased saturated specific humidity. The results reveal that there is more downward net heat flux (NHF) over the TIO, which is conducive to the TIO warming, and the latent heat flux (LHF) change makes a great contribution to the NHF change. The weakened upward or strengthened downward LHF is possibly due to the decreased anomalous sea-air temperature difference by strengthened TT mechanism.

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“…The first leading mode of the interannual Indian Ocean SST variability is a basin-wide warming or cooling (Yulaeva and Wallace 1994;Klein et al 1999;Alexander et al 2002;Chowdary and Gnanaseelan 2007;Yang et al 2007;Du et al 2009;Schott et al 2009;Tao et al 2014). El Niño induces strong basin-wide SST warming over the TIO in boreal winter (Klein et al 1999;Alexander et al 2002).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tropical Indian Ocean response to the decay phase of El Niño in a coupled model and associated changes in south and east-Asian summer monsoon circulation and rainfall

et al. 2015

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represented by the model. Analysis of lower troposphere stream function and rotational wind component reveals that northwest Pacific anticyclone shifted far eastward to the date line in the model during JJA + 1 unlike in the observations. Anomalous divergence observed over the western TIO and convergence in the northwest Pacific are absent in the model during JJA + 1. Extension of anomalous tropospheric warming from TIO region to equatorial western Pacific is also very weak in the model due to poor representation of TIO SSTs and the subsequent absence of any Kelvin wave response. Anomalous Walker circulation persisted from DJF to JJA + 1 due to El Niño late decay in the model unlike in the observations. This is also found to be responsible for the redundant changes in SST, rainfall and circulation over the Indo-western Pacific in the model. This study demonstrates that it is essential to represent the decay phase of El Niño and the associated TIO response accurately to have realistic simulations of summer monsoon in the decaying year.

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Different influences of two types of El Niños on the Indian Ocean SST variations

Cited by 17 publications

References 40 publications

Multi-scale drought and ocean–atmosphere variability in monsoon Asia

Multi-scale drought and ocean–atmosphere variability in monsoon Asia

Interdecadal modulation of ENSO teleconnections to the Indian Ocean Basin Mode and their relationship under global warming in CMIP5 models

Tropical Indian Ocean response to the decay phase of El Niño in a coupled model and associated changes in south and east-Asian summer monsoon circulation and rainfall

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