Different instrumental approaches to understand the chitosan coated niosomes/mucin interaction

Antimicrobial Essential Oil Formulation: Chitosan Coated Nanoemulsions for Nose to Brain Delivery

“…The value of the pH remained constant and compatible with nasal administration. Turbidity values, after addition of mucin, assume intermediate values between nanoemulsions and mucin alone, confirming the interaction of the two dispersions [ 42 ].…”

“…In the presence of only mucin in the suspension, a precipitation of 50% was observed after centrifugation, while when coated and uncoated NEs were included in the suspension, a decrease in the precipitated percentage was noted, likely as a consequence of a mechanical interaction between NEs and mucin. Due to their low density, NEs remain in the supernatant together with mucin that remains adherent to the structure [ 42 ].…”

Evaluating the structural properties of bioactive‐loaded nanocarriers with modern analytical tools

“…(d) Schematic illustrations displaying the plausible structural variation of microemulsions in exposure of lipase or mucus (Reprinted with permission from Lv et al, 2018). (e) SAXS spectra of drug-loaded chitosan-glutamate based niosomes (purple dots), mucin (green diamonds) and (f) drug-loaded chitosan glutamate-based niosomes with mucin (blue dots) + reconstructed spectrum (red line) attained via adding the contribution of the drug-loaded vehicles and mucin (Reprinted with permission from Rinaldi et al, 2020) information about the inner organization of polyelectrolyte systems and also the spatial arranging of encapsulated bioactives. In this context, Papagiannopoulos, Vlassi, and Radulescu (2019) employed this strategy to study the interior rearrangement/morphology of thermally stable nanoparticles generated through the BSA-chondroitin sulfate complexation over various circumstances of solution (pH and salt content) and thermal processing (Figure 9ac).…”

“…(d) Schematic illustrations displaying the plausible structural variation of microemulsions in exposure of lipase or mucus (Reprinted with permission from Lv et al., 2018). (e) SAXS spectra of drug‐loaded chitosan‐glutamate based niosomes (purple dots), mucin (green diamonds) and (f) drug‐loaded chitosan glutamate‐based niosomes with mucin (blue dots) + reconstructed spectrum (red line) attained via adding the contribution of the drug‐loaded vehicles and mucin (Reprinted with permission from Rinaldi et al., 2020)…”

“…In another study, a SAXS spectroscopy approach was employed to illustrate the chitosan‐coated niosomes/mucin interactions (Rinaldi et al., 2020), as the particle size and internal structure of the vehicles could potently affect their physiological performance and in vivo distribution. As seen (Figure 9e), the SAXS spectrum of the drug‐loaded chitosan–glutamate‐based niosomes was dominated by the characteristics of the Span‐based layer.…”