Different levels of thyroid hormones between impaired fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance: free T3 affects the prevalence of impaired fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance in opposite ways

Su, Jing; Ding, Xiaoying; Ying, Xu; Liu, Rui; Gu, Mingyu; Chen, Yuting; Yin, Yong; Wang, Yufan; Sun, Hui; Peng, Yongde

doi:10.1111/cen.12384

Cited by 19 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Previous studies have noted a correlation between TH levels and insulin signaling. For example, in humans the prevalence of impaired fasting glucose increases linearly with levels of fT 3 , and impaired glucose tolerance decreases with levels of fT 3 (22). The present study demonstrated that neither insulin nor glucose infusions remarkably altered any of the plasma thyroid hormones over the course of the measurement period.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 38%

Glucose delays the insulin-induced increase in thyroid hormone-mediated signaling in adipose of prolong-fasted elephant seal pups

Martinez

Soñanez‐Organis

Viscarra

et al. 2016

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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Prolonged food deprivation in mammals typically reduces glucose, insulin, and thyroid hormone (TH) concentrations, as well as tissue deiodinase (DI) content and activity, which, collectively, suppress metabolism. However, in elephant seal pups, prolonged fasting does not suppress TH levels; it is associated with upregulation of adipose TH-mediated cellular mechanisms and adipose-specific insulin resistance. The functional relevance of this apparent paradox and the effects of glucose and insulin on TH-mediated signaling in an insulin-resistant tissue are not well defined. To address our hypothesis that insulin increases adipose TH signaling in pups during extended fasting, we assessed the changes in TH-associated genes in response to an insulin infusion in early- and late-fasted pups. In late fasting, insulin increased DI1, DI2, and THrβ-1 mRNA expression by 566%, 44%, and 267% at 60 min postinfusion, respectively, with levels decreasing by 120 min. Additionally, we performed a glucose challenge in late-fasted pups to differentiate between insulin- and glucose-mediated effects on TH signaling. In contrast to the insulin-induced effects, glucose infusion did not increase the expressions of DI1, DI2, and THrβ-1 until 120 min, suggesting that glucose delays the onset of the insulin-induced effects. The data also suggest that fasting duration increases the sensitivity of adipose TH-mediated mechanisms to insulin, some of which may be mediated by increased glucose. These responses appear to be unique among mammals and to have evolved in elephant seals to facilitate their adaptation to tolerate an extreme physiological condition.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 38%

Glucose delays the insulin-induced increase in thyroid hormone-mediated signaling in adipose of prolong-fasted elephant seal pups

Martinez

Soñanez‐Organis

Viscarra

et al. 2016

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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“…In adipose tissue of obese subjects, the expression of DIO1 was upregulated through the stimulation of leptin ( 37 ). Several previous studies reported that increased FT3 and FT3/FT4 ratio were associated with unfavorable metabolic phenotypes, including higher BMI, TC, BP, and FPG ( 38 – 40 ). Our study found a higher conversion of FT4 to FT3 in patients with prediabetes, though it did not reach significance after adjusting for BMI, WC, dyslipidemia, and hypertension.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Sensitivity to Thyroid Hormones and Risk of Prediabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study

Liu

Wang

et al. 2021

Front. Endocrinol.

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ContextThyroid hormone influences glucose homeostasis through central and peripheral regulations. To date, the link between sensitivity to thyroid hormones and prediabetes remains unknown. We aimed to investigate the association between thyroid hormones sensitivity and risk of prediabetes in both general and euthyroid populations.MethodsParticipants with serum free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), and thyrotropin (TSH) measurements from the health checkup programs of the First Hospital of China Medical University were collected. We measured the parameters representing central and peripheral sensitivities to thyroid hormones (central sensitivity, assessed by calculating Thyroid Feedback Quantile-based Index (TFQI), TSH Index (TSHI), and Thyrotroph Thyroxine Resistance Index (TT4RI); peripheral sensitivity, evaluated by FT3/FT4 ratio). Associations between thyroid hormones sensitivities and risk of prediabetes were assessed with logistic regression.ResultsA total of 4378 participants (mean age ± SD, 49 ± 11 years) were included, with 1457 (33%) subjects had prediabetes. The risk of prediabetes was negatively associated with levels of TSHI (odds ratio [OR] 0.91; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.85–0.97), TT4RI (OR 0.91; 95% CI, 0.84–0.99) and Parametric TFQI (PTFQI) (OR 0.89; 95% CI, 0.83–0.95) among all subjects. The association remained significant in euthyroid subjects and euthyroid subjects with negative thyroid autoimmunity. Higher FT3/FT4 ratio was associated with a mild increased risk of prediabetes (95% CI 1.09; 1.02–1.16). Compared with subjects in the lowest quartile of PTFQI, those in the highest quartile had lower risk of prediabetes (0.70; 95% CI, 0.58–0.84).ConclusionsDecreased central sensitivity to thyroid hormones is associated with lower risk of prediabetes. This demonstrates the complex interaction between thyroid system and glucose metabolism. Future studies are warranted to confirm our findings and underlying mechanisms.

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“…Higher FT3 and serum thyroid-stimulating hormone levels were related to a decreased risk of TN in female subjects, while higher FT4 level was related to an increased risk of TN in male subjects. A recent study reported that FT3 and FT3/FT4 were positively related to BMI, waist, TG, and FPG, while FT4 was negatively related to the above metabolic parameters [ 45 ]. Few studies have explored this apparent paradox between the free THs (thyroid hormones) and TN.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Taken together, although the difference of the study populations might be responsible for the above inconsistency, it was still difficult to explain the independent association between TN formation and the free THs levels. A possible explanation could be that free T3 and free T4 might be affecting the prevalence of MetS in opposite ways [ 45 – 47 ]. In addition, our study should be acknowledged with several potential limitations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender Disparity in the Relationship between Prevalence of Thyroid Nodules and Metabolic Syndrome Components: The SHDC-CDPC Community-Based Study

Ding

Xü²,

Wang

et al. 2017

Mediators of Inflammation

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The study is aimed to investigate the pathogenesis underlying the increased prevalence of thyroid nodule (TN) in different levels of metabolic syndrome (MetS) components and analyze the relationships between TN and MetS components. A total of 6,798 subjects, including 2201 patients with TN, were enrolled in this study. Anthropometric, biochemical, thyroid ultrasonographic, and other metabolic parameters were all measured. There was obviously sexual difference in the prevalence of TN (males 26.0%, females 38.5%, resp.). The prevalence of TN in hyperuricemia (45.7% versus 37.4%, P = 0.001), NAFLD (41.2% versus 36.4%, P < 0.05), and MetS (41.4% versus 35.4%, P < 0.001) groups was significantly increased only in females. Insulin resistance [OR = 1.31 (1.15, 1.49)], MetS [OR = 1.18 (1.03, 1.35)], and diabetes [OR = 1.25 (1.06, 1.48)] were all independent risk factors for TN in total subjects, whereas, after stratified analysis of gender, MetS [OR = 1.29, (1.09, 1.53)] and diabetes [OR = 1.47, (1.17, 1.84)] are still strongly and independently associated with the higher risks of TN in female subjects, but not in males. Our results suggest that the components of MetS might associate with the higher risks of TN in women than in men, but further cohort study of this gender disparity in the association between TN and MetS is required.

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Different levels of thyroid hormones between impaired fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance: free T3 affects the prevalence of impaired fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance in opposite ways

Abstract: Free thyroid hormone levels were different between subjects with IFG and IGT. FT3 affects the prevalence of IFG and IGT in opposite ways. The difference in thyroid hormone levels may play an important role in the different pathological mechanisms of IFG and IGT.

Cited by 19 publications

References 41 publications

Glucose delays the insulin-induced increase in thyroid hormone-mediated signaling in adipose of prolong-fasted elephant seal pups

Glucose delays the insulin-induced increase in thyroid hormone-mediated signaling in adipose of prolong-fasted elephant seal pups

Sensitivity to Thyroid Hormones and Risk of Prediabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study

Gender Disparity in the Relationship between Prevalence of Thyroid Nodules and Metabolic Syndrome Components: The SHDC-CDPC Community-Based Study

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