Different needs: Women's drug use and treatment in the UK

Simpson, Mark; McNulty, James K.

doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2007.11.021

Cited by 64 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Research shows that women may have sub-optimal treatment outcomes in mixed-gender treatment services and that a lack of gender-specific treatment can prevent women from entering care. 27,40,41 Other barriers to women accessing treatment include stigma, 42 having a partner who also uses drugs, 43 and fearing partner retaliation or violence. 44,45 Given the range of issues that FSW-PWID face, including higher rates of both physical and mental health problems, drug treatment programs should identify and treat women's mental health needs, while building support structures for women in treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictors of Injection Cessation and Relapse among Female Sex Workers who Inject Drugs in Two Mexican-US Border Cities

et al. 2015

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We know little about predictors of injection drug cessation and relapse among female sex workers who inject drugs (FSW-PWID) at the US-Mexico border. Among HIV-negative FSW-PWID taking part in a behavioral intervention study in Tijuana and Ciudad Juárez, Cox regression was used to identify predictors of time to first cessation of injection, which was defined as reporting not having injected drugs for a period of 4 months or longer, and among that subset, we examined predictors of time to injection relapse. Among 440 women, 84 (19 %) reported ceasing injection during follow-up (median time to cessation = 9.3 months); of these, 30 (35 %) reported relapse to injection (median time to relapse = 3.5 months). The rate of injection cessation was lower for women reporting trading sex prior to age 18 (adj. hazard ratio (HR) = 0.64, 95 % confidence interval (CI) = 0.41-1.01), ever being sexually abused (adj. HR = 0.44, 95 % CI = 0.27-0.71), and a higher number of vaginal sex acts with casual clients (adj. HR = 0.99 per transaction, 95 % CI = 0.98-1.00). The rate of cessation was higher for women who spent more hours on the streets on a typical day (adj. HR = 1.04/h, 95 % CI = 1.01-1.08) and who lived in Tijuana vs. Ciudad Juárez (adj. HR = 2.15, 95 % CI = 1.14-4.07). The rate of relapse was higher among women reporting regular drug use with clients (adj. HR = 2.17, 95 % CI = 0.96-4.89) and those scoring higher on a risk injection index (adj. HR = 2.04, 95 % CI = 1.15-3.61). The rate of relapse was lower for FSW-PWID with higher than average incomes (adj. HR = 0.40, 95 % CI = 0.18-0.89). These findings have important implications for the scale-up of methadone maintenance treatment programs (MMTPs) in Mexico and indicate a need for gender-specific programs that address sexual abuse experiences and economic vulnerabilities faced by FSW-PWID.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictors of Injection Cessation and Relapse among Female Sex Workers who Inject Drugs in Two Mexican-US Border Cities

et al. 2015

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“…Recent studies have uncovered the gender-specific contexts that shape women injectors' vulnerability to HIV and need for drug treatment (Pinkham and MalinowskaSempruch 2007;Simpson and McNulty 2008). These include power imbalances in social, economic and cultural aspects between men and women who inject drugs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Boyfriends and injecting: the role of intimate male partners in the life of women who inject drugs in Central Java

Lazuardi

Worth

Saktiawati

et al. 2012

Culture, Health & Sexuality

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The international literature shows that HIV-risk behaviour for women mostly occurs in the context of intimate relationships. Power imbalances in the social, economic and cultural spheres put women at risk. This paper addresses the roles of male partners in women's engagement in drug-use behaviour and drug-related HIV-risk behaviour in Indonesia. Data were gathered through in-depth interviews with 19 women who had injected drugs in the previous month in three sites in central Java. Most of the women had male partners who also injected drugs. Results show that male partners play a significant role in the initiation of drug use, the provision of drugs, injecting behaviour and in the constitution of women injectors' social networks. These findings suggest the need to develop couple-based interventions and to facilitate women-only groups as part of HIV prevention.

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“…For example, drugs that are more harmful and addicting, such as heroin (Nutt et al 2007), are consistently shown to receive higher ratings of disapproval in comparison to marijuana and Ecstasy (Johnston et al 2011). It has been well documented that the experience of stigma among drug users can lead to adverse psychological and social consequences (Simpson & McNulty 2008;Hathaway 2004;Link et al 1997); however, research examining predictors of stigmatization towards illegal drug users is limited.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictors of Stigmatization Towards Use of Various Illicit Drugs Among Emerging Adults

Palamar

Kiang

Halkitis

2012

Journal of Psychoactive Drugs

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The stigma associated with illegal drug use is nearly universal, but each drug is associated with its own specific level of stigma. This study examined level of stigmatization towards users of various illegal drugs and determined what variables explain such attitudes. A sample of emerging adults (age 18 to 25) was surveyed throughout New York City (N = 1021) and lifetime use, level of exposure to users, and level of stigmatization was assessed regarding use of marijuana, powder cocaine, Ecstasy, and nonmedical use of opioids and amphetamine. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to examine predictors of stigmatization towards each drug. Results suggest that non-illegal drug users reported high levels of stigmatization towards users of all drugs, but lifetime marijuana users reported significantly lower levels of stigmatization towards users of all harder drugs. This may suggest that once an individual enters the realm of illegal drug use, stigmatization towards use of harder drugs decreases, potentially leaving individuals at risk for use of more dangerous substances. Since stigma and social disapproval may be protective factors against illegal drug use, policy experts need to consider the potential flaws associated with classifying marijuana with harder, more dangerous drugs.

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Different needs: Women's drug use and treatment in the UK

Cited by 64 publications

References 35 publications

Predictors of Injection Cessation and Relapse among Female Sex Workers who Inject Drugs in Two Mexican-US Border Cities

Predictors of Injection Cessation and Relapse among Female Sex Workers who Inject Drugs in Two Mexican-US Border Cities

Boyfriends and injecting: the role of intimate male partners in the life of women who inject drugs in Central Java

Predictors of Stigmatization Towards Use of Various Illicit Drugs Among Emerging Adults

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