Different Outcomes of Chicken Infection with UK-Origin H5N1-2020 and H5N8-2020 High-Pathogenicity Avian Influenza Viruses (Clade 2.3.4.4b)

Seekings, Amanda H.; Warren, Caroline J.; Thomas, Saumya S.; Lean, Fabian Z. X.; Selden, David; Mollett, Benjamin C.; van Diemen, Pauline M.; Banyard, Ashley C.; Slomka, Marek J.

doi:10.3390/v15091909

Cited by 8 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 35 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…High pheasant mortality was observed among all the H5N8-2021 and H5N1-2021 infected pheasants and may well have registered 100% in all groups, but for the pre-emptive culls prompted by welfare concerns. This observation resembled the high mortalities caused by recent (isolated since autumn 2020) UK H5N8 and H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4 HPAIVs in chickens [45,49]. H5N8-2021 and H5N1-2021 pheasant infections caused severe neurological signs prior to death.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

“…It is uncertain whether other factors linked to prior transmission among pheasants may have assisted the relatively successful onward transmission of H5N1-2020 among chickens, but onward spread of H5N8-2020 among chickens was relatively less effective. Other clade 2.3.4.4 chicken-to-chicken transmission attempts featured similar numbers of prior infected chickens, but resulted in zero or inefficient transmission [35,45,49,53].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Transmission dynamics and pathogenesis differ between pheasants and partridges infected with clade 2.3.4.4b H5N8 and H5N1 high-pathogenicity avian influenza viruses

Seekings,

Liang,

Warren

et al. 2023

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

During the UK 2020-2021 epizootic of H5Nx clade 2.3.4.4b high-pathogenicity avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs), high mortality occurred during incursions in commercially farmed common pheasants (Phasianus colchicus). Two pheasant farms, affected separately by H5N8 and H5N1 subtypes, included adjacently housed red-legged partridges (Alectoris rufa), which appeared to be unaffected. Despite extensive ongoing epizootics, H5Nx HPAIV partridge outbreaks were not reported during 2020-2021 and 2021-2022 in the UK, so it is postulated that partridges are more resistant to HPAIV infection than other gamebirds. To assess this, pathogenesis and both intra- and inter-species transmission of UK pheasant-origin H5N8-2021 and H5N1-2021 HPAIVs were investigated. Onward transmission to chickens was also assessed to better understand the risk of spread from gamebirds to other commercial poultry sectors. A lower infectious dose was required to infect pheasants with H5N8-2021 compared to H5N1-2021. However, HPAIV systemic dissemination to multiple organs within pheasants was more rapid following infection with H5N1-2021 than H5N8-2021, with the former attaining generally higher viral RNA levels in tissues. Intraspecies transmission to contact pheasants was successful for both viruses and associated with viral environmental contamination, while interspecies transmission to a first chicken-contact group was also efficient. However, further onward transmission to additional chicken contacts was only achieved with H5N1-2021. Intra-partridge transmission was only successful when high-dose H5N1-2021 was administered, while partridges inoculated with H5N8-2021 failed to shed and transmit, although extensive tissue tropism was observed for both viruses. Mortalities among infected partridges featured a longer incubation period compared to that in pheasants, for both viruses. Therefore, the susceptibility of different gamebird species and pathogenicity outcomes to the ongoing H5Nx clade 2.3.4.4b HPAIVs varies, but pheasants represent a greater likelihood of H5Nx HPAIV introduction into galliforme poultry settings. Consequently, viral maintenance within gamebird populations and risks to poultry species warrant enhanced investigation.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transmission dynamics and pathogenesis differ between pheasants and partridges infected with clade 2.3.4.4b H5N8 and H5N1 high-pathogenicity avian influenza viruses

Seekings,

Liang,

Warren

et al. 2023

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…High pheasant mortality was observed among all the H5N8-2021 and H5N1-2021 infected pheasants and may well have registered 100 % in all groups, but for the pre-emptive culls prompted by welfare concerns. This observation resembled the high mortalities caused by recent (isolated since autumn 2020) UK H5N8 and H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4 HPAIVs in chickens [45, 49]. H5N8-2021 and H5N1-2021 pheasant infections caused severe neurological signs prior to death.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

“…H5N1-2021 acquisition by chickens at the R3 contact stage was successful, but not accompanied by viral environmental contamination, hence chicken-to-chicken transmission was more likely due to close contact, as suggested elsewhere [49]. It is uncertain whether other factors linked to prior transmission among pheasants may have assisted the relatively successful onward transmission of H5N1-2020 among chickens, but onward spread of H5N8-2020 among chickens was relatively less effective.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Transmission dynamics and pathogenesis differ between pheasants and partridges infected with clade 2.3.4.4b H5N8 and H5N1 high-pathogenicity avian influenza viruses

Seekings,

Liang,

Warren

et al. 2024

Journal of General Virology

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

During the UK 2020–2021 epizootic of H5Nx clade 2.3.4.4b high-pathogenicity avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs), high mortality occurred during incursions in commercially farmed common pheasants (Phasianus colchicus). Two pheasant farms, affected separately by H5N8 and H5N1 subtypes, included adjacently housed red-legged partridges (Alectoris rufa), which appeared to be unaffected. Despite extensive ongoing epizootics, H5Nx HPAIV partridge outbreaks were not reported during 2020–2021 and 2021–2022 in the UK, so it is postulated that partridges are more resistant to HPAIV infection than other gamebirds. To assess this, pathogenesis and both intra- and inter-species transmission of UK pheasant-origin H5N8-2021 and H5N1-2021 HPAIVs were investigated. Onward transmission to chickens was also assessed to better understand the risk of spread from gamebirds to other commercial poultry sectors. A lower infectious dose was required to infect pheasants with H5N8-2021 compared to H5N1-2021. However, HPAIV systemic dissemination to multiple organs within pheasants was more rapid following infection with H5N1-2021 than H5N8-2021, with the former attaining generally higher viral RNA levels in tissues. Intraspecies transmission to contact pheasants was successful for both viruses and associated with viral environmental contamination, while interspecies transmission to a first chicken-contact group was also efficient. However, further onward transmission to additional chicken contacts was only achieved with H5N1-2021. Intra-partridge transmission was only successful when high-dose H5N1-2021 was administered, while partridges inoculated with H5N8-2021 failed to shed and transmit, although extensive tissue tropism was observed for both viruses. Mortalities among infected partridges featured a longer incubation period compared to that in pheasants, for both viruses. Therefore, the susceptibility of different gamebird species and pathogenicity outcomes to the ongoing H5Nx clade 2.3.4.4b HPAIVs varies, but pheasants represent a greater likelihood of H5Nx HPAIV introduction into galliforme poultry settings. Consequently, viral maintenance within gamebird populations and risks to poultry species warrant enhanced investigation.

show abstract

A multi-species, multi-pathogen avian viral disease outbreak event: Investigating potential for virus transmission at the wild bird – poultry interface

Reid,

Byrne,

Lean

et al. 2024

Emerging Microbes & Infections

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A free-range organic broiler ( Gallus gallus domesticus ) premises in Staffordshire was infected by high pathogenicity avian influenza virus (HPAIV) H5N8 during the 2020–2021 epizootic in the United Kingdom (UK). Following initial confirmation of the infection in poultry, multiple wild bird species were seen scavenging on chicken carcasses. Detected dead wild birds were subsequently demonstrated to have been infected and succumbed to HPAIV H5N8. Initially, scavenging species, magpie ( Pica pica ) and raven ( Corvus corax ) were found dead on the premises but over the following days, buzzards ( Buteo buteo ) were also found dead within the local area with positive detection of HPAIV in submitted carcasses. The subacute nature of microscopic lesions within a buzzard was consistent with the timeframe of infection. Finally, a considerable number of free-living pheasants ( Phasianus colchicus ) were also found dead in the surrounding area, with carcasses having higher viral antigen loads compared to infected chickens. Limited virus dissemination was observed in the carcasses of the magpie, raven, and buzzard. Further, an avirulent avian paramyxovirus type 1 (APMV-1) was detected within poultry samples as well as in the viscera of a magpie infected with HPAIV. Immunohistochemistry did not reveal colocalization of avian paramyxovirus antigens with lesions, supporting an avirulent APMV-1 infection. Overall, this case highlights scenarios in which bi-directional transmission of avian viral diseases between commercial and wild bird species may occur. It also underlines the importance of bio separation and reduced access when infection pressure from HPAIV is high.

show abstract

Different Outcomes of Chicken Infection with UK-Origin H5N1-2020 and H5N8-2020 High-Pathogenicity Avian Influenza Viruses (Clade 2.3.4.4b)

Cited by 8 publications

References 35 publications

Transmission dynamics and pathogenesis differ between pheasants and partridges infected with clade 2.3.4.4b H5N8 and H5N1 high-pathogenicity avian influenza viruses

Transmission dynamics and pathogenesis differ between pheasants and partridges infected with clade 2.3.4.4b H5N8 and H5N1 high-pathogenicity avian influenza viruses

Transmission dynamics and pathogenesis differ between pheasants and partridges infected with clade 2.3.4.4b H5N8 and H5N1 high-pathogenicity avian influenza viruses

A multi-species, multi-pathogen avian viral disease outbreak event: Investigating potential for virus transmission at the wild bird – poultry interface

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About