Different Patterns of Sighs in Neonates and Young Infants

Hoch, B.; Bernhard, Michaël; Hinsch, A.

doi:10.1159/000014006

Cited by 32 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…It is also hypothesized that sighs are important in resetting respiratory and cardiovascular variability (Bartlett, 1971;Kahn et al, 1988;Franco et al, 2003;Baldwin et al, 2004). Importantly, statedependent changes in sigh rate that occur in natural sleep (Hoch et al, 1998;McNamara et al, 2002;Fukumizu and Kohyama, 2004;Qureshi et al, 2009) were similar to those described here under urethane anesthesia.…”

Section: State-dependent Modulation Of Respiratory Activitysupporting

confidence: 73%

“…Sighs were identified by the presence of an augmented respiratory effort (Ͼ50% increase in tidal volume or integrated DIA EMG peak amplitude compared with a regular breath), followed by a short post-sigh pause (Bartlett, 1971;Marshall and Metcalfe, 1988;Orem and Trotter, 1993;Hoch et al, 1998).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sighs are an important reflexive behavior (Bartlett, 1971) that function to prevent alveolar atelectasis, increase pulmonary compliance, and functional residual capacity, all of which are hypothesized to maintain lung volume and minimize the metabolic cost of breathing (Bartlett, 1971;Marshall and Metcalfe, 1988;Orem and Trotter, 1993;Hoch et al, 1998). It is also hypothesized that sighs are important in resetting respiratory and cardiovascular variability (Bartlett, 1971;Kahn et al, 1988;Franco et al, 2003;Baldwin et al, 2004).…”

Section: State-dependent Modulation Of Respiratory Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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State-Dependent Modulation of Breathing in Urethane-Anesthetized Rats

et al. 2012

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Respiratory activity is most fragile during sleep, in particular during paradoxical [or rapid eye movement (REM)] sleep and sleep state transitions. Rats are commonly used to study respiratory neuromodulation, but rodent sleep is characterized by a highly fragmented sleep pattern, thus making it very challenging to examine different sleep states and potential pharmacological manipulations within them. Sleep-like brain-state alternations occur in rats under urethane anesthesia and may be an effective and efficient model for sleep itself. The present study assessed state-dependent changes in breathing and respiratory muscle modulation under urethane anesthesia to determine their similarity to those occurring during natural sleep. Rats were anesthetized with urethane and respiratory airflow, as well as electromyographic activity in respiratory muscles were recorded in combination with local field potentials in neocortex and hippocampus to determine how breathing pattern and muscle activity are modulated with brain state. Measurements were made in normoxic, hypoxic, and hypercapnic conditions. Results were compared with recordings made from rats during natural sleep. Brain-state alternations under urethane anesthesia were closely correlated with changes in breathing rate and variability and with modulation of respiratory muscle tone. These changes closely mimicked those observed in natural sleep. Of great interest was that, during both REM and REM-like states, genioglossus muscle activity was strongly depressed and abdominal muscle activity showed potent expiratory modulation. We demonstrate that, in urethane-anesthetized rats, respiratory airflow and muscle activity are closely correlated with brain-state transitions and parallel those shown in natural sleep, providing a useful model to systematically study sleep-related changes in respiratory control.

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Section: State-dependent Modulation Of Respiratory Activitysupporting

confidence: 73%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: State-dependent Modulation Of Respiratory Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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State-Dependent Modulation of Breathing in Urethane-Anesthetized Rats

et al. 2012

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“…A breathing pause immediately after a sigh was measured as the interval sigh peak to next breath peak. Previous studies have classified "sighs" into several types depending upon the presence of a subsequent apnea (Hoch et al 1998;Nakamura et al 2003). Similar to these studies, in the present study a post-sigh apnea was classified into one of two types.…”

Section: Post-sigh Breathingsupporting

confidence: 71%

Post-sigh breathing behavior and spontaneous pauses in the C57BL/6J (B6) mouse

Yamauchi

Ocak

Dostal

et al. 2008

Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology

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The purpose was to examine sighs and spontaneous pauses in regard to the stability of resting breathing in the B6 strain, compared to the A/J strain. A 5-HT 1A receptor agonist (buspirone) and a chromosomal substitution strain (B6a1) were used to further alter breathing patterning. Tenminute recordings of room air breathing were collected from unanaesthetized B6, A/J, and B6a1 mice. Despite no differences between strains in the magnitude and incidence of sighs, post-sigh apneas, the variation for duration of expiration (Te) after sighs, and the number of spontaneous pauses were greater in the B6, while Shannon Entropy (nonlinear metrics) for Te after sighs was lower in B6, compared to the other strains. Buspirone and chromosomal substitution eliminated post-sigh apneas and decreased spontaneous pauses. A greater irregularity and the lower complexity of post-sigh breathing in B6 are reversed by elements on A/J Chromosome 1 and by increased 5-HT 1A serotonergic tone.

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“…21,22 The co-localization of apnea and sighs in infants has long been recognized. During non-rapid eye movement sleep, the percent of apneas which followed a sigh in infants aged 39, 45 weeks PCA, and three months was 18%, 29%, 23 and 40%, 24 respectively. We report that the majority of central apnea and long pauses followed a sigh.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Automated respiratory inductive plethysmography to evaluate breathing in infants at risk for postoperative apnea

Brown

Aoude

Galiana

et al. 2008

Can J Anesth/J Can Anesth

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Purpose: Although respiratory inductive plethysmography (RIP) is the method of choice for the assessment of sleep disordered breathing, it has not been applied to the study of infants at risk for postoperative apnea (POA). The purpose of this study was to apply RIP to evaluate breathing in these infants. An additional purpose was to implement, simultaneously, three novel algorithms to detect movement artifact, respiratory pauses, and thoracoabdominal asynchrony, since their combined output both detects respiratory pauses and classifies them as obstructive or central in origin. Methods:A prospective study design was employed to record the analogue output of RIP, saturation, and finger plethysmography in a convenience sample of infants. The data record underwent a dual analysis: 1) automated detection of respiratory events; and 2) visual coding of the cardiorespiratory data. A novel index, coined pause density, was calculated as the sum of all respiratory pauses.Results: Twenty infants, whose mean postconceptional ages and weights were 44.47 ± 2.88 weeks and 4.21 ± 0.99 kg, respectively, were recruited. Data recording ranged from four to 24 hr. Ten infants (term = 5) experienced POA: central apnea = 5, mixed obstructive apnea = 6, and two former premature infants experienced both. Twenty-five central apneic events were detected, and the majority followed a sigh. Infants who experienced apnea also had high values of pause density. Conclusion:Respiratory inductive plethysmography may provide a useful method to evaluate breathing in infants at risk for POA. The study of short respiratory pauses may prove useful in predicting apnea risk.

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Different Patterns of Sighs in Neonates and Young Infants

Cited by 32 publications

References 14 publications

State-Dependent Modulation of Breathing in Urethane-Anesthetized Rats

State-Dependent Modulation of Breathing in Urethane-Anesthetized Rats

Post-sigh breathing behavior and spontaneous pauses in the C57BL/6J (B6) mouse

Automated respiratory inductive plethysmography to evaluate breathing in infants at risk for postoperative apnea

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