Different physiological properties of human-residential and non-human-residential bifidobacteria in human health

Wong, Chyn Boon; Sugahara, Hirosuke; Odamaki, Toshitaka; Xiao, Jin‐zhong

doi:10.3920/bm2017.0031

Cited by 48 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…The mixture of six cyclic dipeptides was more effective to stimulate Bifidobacterium spp. in the human colon than single cyclic dipeptides, probably because the human-resident bifidobacterial community contains multiple species 23 and each cyclic dipeptide may have different effects on each Bifidobacterium sp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effective bifidogenic growth factors cyclo-Val-Leu and cyclo-Val-Ile produced by Bacillus subtilis C-3102 in the human colonic microbiota model

Hatanaka¹,

Morita²,

Aoyagi³

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Bifidobacterium species are known to fulfill important functions within the human colon. Thus, stimulating the activity of bifidobacteria is important to maintain host health. We revealed that culture supernatants of Bacillus subtilis C-3102 (referred to as C-3102) stimulated the growth of Bifidobacterium species. In this study, we isolated and identified six bifidogenic growth factors, which were cyclo (D-Val-D-Ile), cyclo (L-Val-D-Ile), cyclo (D-Val-L-Ile), cyclo (L-Val-L-Ile), cyclo (D-Val-L-Leu) and cyclo (L-Val-L-Leu). These six cyclic dipeptides increased the growth of Bifidobacterium species and had no effect on potentially harmful gut organisms. Moreover, supplementation with a mixture of these six cyclic dipeptides significantly increased the abundance of microorganisms related to the genus Bifidobacterium in a human colonic microbiota model culture system, although supplementation with a single type of dipeptide had no effect. These results show that cyclic dipeptides containing Val-Leu and Val-Ile produced by C-3102 could serve as bifidogenic growth factors in the gut microbial community. In the past few decades, the human gut microbiota has been reported to play an important role in the promotion of health, and several illnesses are known to be influenced by imbalances of gut microbiota 1. Therefore, manipulation of the gut microbiota is a clinical target for the treatment of gut microbiota-related diseases 2. Bifidobacterial populations belonging to the phylum Actinobacteria are the most dominant microbial group present in the healthy infant gut 3. The population of Bifidobacterium in the human gut decreases gradually from infancy to childhood, then remains relatively stable during an adult's life, and ultimately decreases in old age 4. Numerous health-promoting effects have been ascribed to certain strains of the genus Bifidobacterium, which are widely used as probiotics 5. For instance, one Japanese study reported that allergic children had less bifidobacteria compared to non-allergic children at an early stage, 4 months of age, and prenatal supplementation of bifidobacteria to mothers and postnatal supplementation to infants reduced the risk of allergies 6. It has also been reported that ingestion of Bifidobacterium breve has an anti-obesity effect in mice fed a high-fat diet 7 , and ingestion of Bifidobacterium infantis was effective in relieving symptom of irritable bowel syndrome in women 8,9. These findings suggest an important role for bifiodobacteria in regulating intestinal homeostasis. Some Bacillus subtilis strains are safe, survive passage through the human gastrointestinal tract, and do not induce any undesirable physiological effects in human subjects 10,11. One reported probiotic effect of B. subtilis was associated with inhibiting the growth of pathogenic bacteria such as Salmonella enterica to improve the growth of beneficial bacteria such as lactobacilli 12. In our previous study, B. subtilis C-3102 (hereinafter, referred to as C-3102) was tested using the TNO Gastro-Intestinal Mod...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effective bifidogenic growth factors cyclo-Val-Leu and cyclo-Val-Ile produced by Bacillus subtilis C-3102 in the human colonic microbiota model

Hatanaka¹,

Morita²,

Aoyagi³

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…Overall, 15 unique Bifidobacterium isolates were obtained. All belonged to one of three species, B. adolescentis, B. pseudocatenulatum, and B. longum, which are among the predominant resident Bifidobacterium species found in adults (28,29). Of these 3 species, B. adolescentis and B. longum have been well studied for their probiotic properties as well as for their growth potential on XOS (30)(31)(32).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An In Vitro Enrichment Strategy for Formulating Synergistic Synbiotics

Kok¹,

Quintero²,

Niyirora³

et al. 2019

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Research on the role of diet on gut and systemic health has led to considerable interest toward identifying novel therapeutic modulators of the gut microbiome, including the use of prebiotics and probiotics. However, various host responses have often been reported among many clinical trials. This is in part due to competitive exclusion as a result of the absence of ecological niches as well as host-mediated constraints via colonization resistance. In this research, we developed a novel in vitro enrichment (IVE) method for isolating autochthonous strains that can function as synergistic synbiotics and overcome these constraints. The method relied on stepwise in vitro fecal fermentations to enrich for and isolate Bifidobacterium strains that ferment the prebiotic xylooligosaccharide (XOS). We subsequently isolated Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum CR15 and then tested its establishment in 20 unique fecal samples with or without XOS. The strain was established in up to 18 samples but only in the presence of XOS. Our findings revealed that the IVE method is suitable for isolating potential synergistic probiotic strains that possess the genetic and biochemical ability to ferment specific prebiotic substrates. The IVE method can be used as an initial high-throughput screen for probiotic selection and isolation prior to further characterization and in vivo tests. IMPORTANCE This study describes an in vitro enrichment method to formulate synergistic synbiotics that have potential for establishing autochthonous strains across multiple individuals. The rationale for this approach—that the chance of survival of a bacterial strain is improved by providing it with its required resources—is based on classic ecological theory. From these experiments, a human-derived strain, Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum CR15, was identified as a xylooligosaccharide (XOS) fermenter in fecal environments and displayed synergistic effects in vitro. The high rate of strain establishment observed in this study provides a basis for using synergistic synbiotics to overcome the responder/nonresponder phenomenon that occurs frequently in clinical trials with probiotic and prebiotic interventions. In addition, this approach can be applied in other protocols that require enrichment of specific bacterial populations prior to strain isolation.

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“…In this regard, some species of bifidobacteria have been identified as the natural inhabitants of the human host (Wong et al . 2018 ). Nevertheless, the reason why bifidobacterial species reside in the human gut across the life course, their adaptation and survival in the harsh environment of the human gastrointestinal tract and their impact on human health remain elusive.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into the reason of Human-Residential Bifidobacteria (HRB) being the natural inhabitants of the human gut and their potential health-promoting benefits

Wong

Odamaki

Xiao

2020

FEMS Microbiology Reviews

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Members of Bifidobacterium are among the first microbes to colonise the human gut, and certain species are recognised as the natural resident of human gut microbiota. Their presence in the human gut has been associated with health-promoting benefits and reduced abundance of this genus is linked with several diseases. Bifidobacterial species are assumed to have coevolved with their hosts and include members that are naturally present in the human gut, thus recognised as Human-Residential Bifidobacteria (HRB). The physiological functions of these bacteria and the reasons why they occur in and how they adapt to the human gut are of immense significance. In this review, we provide an overview of the biology of bifidobacteria as members of the human gut microbiota and address factors that contribute to the preponderance of HRB in the human gut. We highlight some of the important genetic attributes and core physiological traits of these bacteria that may explain their adaptive advantages, ecological fitness, and competitiveness in the human gut. This review will help to widen our understanding of one of the most important human commensal bacteria and shed light on the practical consideration for selecting bifidobacterial strains as human probiotics.

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Different physiological properties of human-residential and non-human-residential bifidobacteria in human health

Cited by 48 publications

References 77 publications

Effective bifidogenic growth factors cyclo-Val-Leu and cyclo-Val-Ile produced by Bacillus subtilis C-3102 in the human colonic microbiota model

Effective bifidogenic growth factors cyclo-Val-Leu and cyclo-Val-Ile produced by Bacillus subtilis C-3102 in the human colonic microbiota model

An In Vitro Enrichment Strategy for Formulating Synergistic Synbiotics

Insights into the reason of Human-Residential Bifidobacteria (HRB) being the natural inhabitants of the human gut and their potential health-promoting benefits

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