Different Recovery Responses from Dietary Zinc-Deficiency in the Distribution of Rat Granulocytes

Abstract

SummaryThe purpose of this study was to elucidate the effects of the recovery from dietary zinc-deficiency on the number of total white blood cells (WBCs), neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils, and plasma zinc and corticosterone concentrations in weanling male Sprague Dawley rats. Rats ( n ϭ 34) of the zinc-deficient diet (0.6 mg zinc/kg diet) and control diet (35.2 mg zinc/kg diet) groups were fed for 4 wk, and then rats of both groups were fed with the control diet for 3 wk. Zinc-deficiency increased duration-dependently and clearly the number of total WBCs, neutrophils and eosinophils, and the increased numbers of these cells recovered to the control levels in week 2 of the recovery. On the other hand, the number of basophils increased by the zinc-deficiency recovered to the control levels in week 1 of the recovery. Zinc-deficiency significantly decreased plasma zinc concentrations by 85%, and markedly increased plasma corticosterone concentrations by 317%, as compared with the control group. In the recovery period, plasma zinc and corticosterone concentrations recovered to the control levels in week 2 of the recovery. These results suggest that zinc-deficiency and its recovery responses in the number of granulocytes and total WBCs are reversible, and their recovery rates depend on the subsets of granulocytes in rats.

Impact of Childhood Malnutrition on Host Defense and Infection

“…Folate-deficient rats also had lower numbers of neutrophils and eosinophils (103). Conversely, zinc-deficient rats were shown to have increased circulating neutrophil counts, which were probably the result of increased corticosterone levels and enhanced release from the bone marrow (104,105). Circulating granulocyte counts (and elevated corticosterone levels) returned to normal after 2 weeks of feeding a zinc-sufficient diet (105).…”

Zinc deficiency as a possible risk factor for increased susceptibility and severe progression of Corona Virus Disease 19

“…Similar to the neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio shift in COVID-19 patients, the balance between adaptive and innate immune cells is shifted towards the latter during Zn deficiency. Investigation of severely Zn-deficient rodents, that were fed on a low-Zn diet, showed high numbers of neutrophils and their specific products in the bone marrow and blood compared with Zn-adequate animals (49,56,57) . Our own unpublished results suggest that maturation of myeloid precursors into granulocytes in Zinc deficiency predisposes for Corona Virus Disease 19 3 Zn-deficient human cell cultures is also increased compared with cells that differentiate in Zn-adequate cell cultures, while Zn supplementation attenuates the development into mature neutrophils (58) .…”

Dietary zinc-deficiency and its recovery responses in the thermogenesis of rats

“…1. We divided the experiment into two parts, dietary zinc-deficiency for 4 weeks and its recovery for 3 weeks Sakakibara et al, 2011). Dietary zinc-deficient (DZD) rats were fed with the dietary zinc-deficient diet (0.6 mg zinc/kg diet) for 4 weeks and with the control diet (35.2 mg zinc/kg diet) for 3 weeks, and the control (CON) rats were fed with the control diet in the dietary zinc-deficient period for 4 weeks and its recovery period for 3 weeks.…”

“…Dietary compositions (g/kg diet) used in the present study were egg white (200.0), dextrinized corn starch (529.5), sucrose (100.0), cellulose (50.0), soybean oil (70.0), AIN-93G-MX (mineral mixture: 35.0), AIN-93G-VX (vitamin mixture: 10.0), L-cystine (3.0), choline bitartrate (2.5) and tert-butylhydroquinone (0.014) . In the DZD group diet, ZnCO 3 was omitted from AIN-93G-MX (mineral mixture) Sakakibara et al, 2011;Someya et al, 2009). The diets of the DZD and CON groups were controlled under 12 g/day in the dietary zinc-deficient period.…”

“…In our convenient feeding conditions, we provide about 20-23 g food per day to normal male rats Shirato et al, 2006). In the recovery period, the diets of both groups were controlled under about 20 g/day Sakakibara et al, 2011). Care Fig.…”