Different risk factors for cognitive impairment among community-dwelling elderly, with impaired fasting glucose or diabetes

Abstract

AimThe aim of this study was to investigate whether elderly people with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) or diabetes mellitus (DM) share the common risk factors for cognitive impairment as compared to normal blood glucose population.MethodsThis cross-sectional study assessed 10,039 community-dwelling participants aged ≥ 55 years in Beijing, China. According to the glycemic status, subjects were classified into three groups: normal fasting plasma glucose (NG, n=6399), impaired fasting glucose (IFG, n=873) and DM (n=2626). The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) was applied to evaluate the cognitive function status of the study population. Potential demographic, clinical, and genetic risk factors for cognitive impairment were collected and compared across the three groups. Multivariate logistic regression model was performed to explore the risk factors associated with cognitive impairment.ResultsEducation-modified MMSE scores in the participants with NG, IFG, and DM were 26.91±3.94, 26.67±4.00, and 26.58±4.11, respectively (P=0.0008). In the age- and sex-adjusted comparisons, the MMSE scores in subjects with DM and IFG were significantly lower than that in subjects with normal glucose (P=0.01 and P=0.02, respectively). The logistic regression analysis showed that risk factors only in the NG population were older age, female, apoEε4 carrier, normal or lower uric acid (UA) levels. Hypertension was an independent risk factor only in IFG group, and the history of stroke and depression were the risk factors associated with cognitive impairment only in the DM group.ConclusionSubjects with DM or IFG had a lower performance on the MMSE test compared with subjects who had normal blood glucose. The elderly with diabetes and IFG have some different risk factors for cognitive impairment as compared to those with normal blood glucose.

A comparison of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) for mild cognitive impairment screening in Chinese middle-aged and older population: a cross-sectional study

“…Additionally, to understand potential and modifiable risk factors to cognitive complaint is to some extent crucial for defense, treatment and intervention in the precarious state of MCI, thereby may delay progression to dementia. Researches to date have identified several factors, such as age, gender, educational and occupational attainment, marriage, income, psychological well-being, physical exercise, social engagement, diet and history of chronic diseases [18][19][20][21][22], but some of these findings were controversial, which might be attributable to varied countries of study origin, and the heterogeneity in research methods, including the age range included and the use of different cognitive assessment methods and diagnostic criteria. Especially education had strong influence on MMSE and MoCA performance [23,24], and the unpredictable effects of those with more education performing poorer relative to those with less education was observed [24].…”

Cholesterol Level as Predicting of Uric Acid Increase in Elderly

“…3 It compare to other studies is relative normal. Study difference compare previous study 12 That difference caused by condition of elderly an increase average blood pressure. Who conducted a review of uric acid that average blood pressure was relatively normal.…”

“…Conducted a study in Malaysia found that were associated with cholesterol p = 0.035, low lipoprotein cholesterol p = 0.019 17 . Study 12 that factors dominant for uric acid as BMI (Body Mass Index) OR 1.73 (1.29-2.32).…”

Post-stroke dementia: frequency, predictors, and health impact

“…At time of admission, all patients were subjected to meticulous neurological and general examination. Assessment of lipid profile was performed to all patients, where hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia were considered when serum levels > 239 mg/dl and > 200 mg/dl respectively [13]. Electrocardiography (ECG) and/or echocardiography were performed to determine any arrhythmias and/or any ischemia (CON-TEC, model: ECG100G, China).…”