Different Roles of ÃÂ²-N-Acetylhexosaminidase in Metabolism

Hýsková, Veronika

doi:10.4172/2161-1009.1000215

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The recycling of carbon from cellular material may also be important when carbon is limited. Genes for beta- N -acetylhexosaminidases, which are associated with peptidoglycan degradation and recycling, were present in six MAGs [ 72 ]. Photosynthesis and nitrogen fixation genes were absent.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Active microbiota persist in dry permafrost and active layer from Elephant Head, Antarctica

Wood,

Bruinink,

Trembath-Reichert

et al. 2024

ISME Communications

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Dry permafrost is a challenging environment for microbial life due to the cold, dry, and often oligotrophic conditions. In 2016, Elephant Head, Antarctica was confirmed as the second site on Earth to contain dry permafrost. It is geographically distinct from the McMurdo Dry Valleys where dry permafrost has been studied previously. Here we present the first study of the microbial activity, diversity, and functional potential of Elephant Head dry permafrost. Microbial activity was measured using radiorespiration assays with radiolabelled acetate as a carbon source at 5, 0 and − 5°C. Low, but detectable, rates of microbial activity were measured in some samples at 0 and − 5°C. This is distinct from previous studies of McMurdo Dry Valley dry permafrost which concluded that dry permafrost represents a cold-arid limit to life on the planet. The isolation of cold adapted organisms from these soils, including one capable of sub-zero growth further supports that Elephant Head dry active layer and dry permafrost harbor viable microbial life which may be active in situ. Metagenomic, 16S rRNA gene and ITS and amplicon sequencing identified similar microbial communities to other Antarctic and cold environments. The Elephant Head microbial community appears adapted for survival in cold, dry, and oligotrophic conditions based on the presence of cold adaptation and stress response genes in the metagenomes. Together our results show that dry permafrost environments do not exclude active microbial life at sub-zero temperatures and suggests that the cold, dry soils of Mars may also not be as inhospitable as previously thought.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Active microbiota persist in dry permafrost and active layer from Elephant Head, Antarctica

Wood,

Bruinink,

Trembath-Reichert

et al. 2024

ISME Communications

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“…The interplay of pathogen/parasite-associated glycans with plant immunity is a fairly unexplored research area, which is in contrast to the strong focus on glycans in research regarding animal parasitic worms (Hokke and Yazdanbakhsh, 2005;Tundup et al, 2012). A role for HEXOs in plant defense responses is further supported by the chitinolytic activity of several plant HEXOs (Gutternigg et al, 2007;Strasser et al, 2007;Ryšlavá et al, 2014;Hyskova, 2015). Where the chitinolytic activity of HEXOs in other organisms could play a role in the turnover of chitin in the cell wall (fungi), exoskeleton (insects), or cuticle (nematodes), plants might employ these enzymes to protect themselves against the constant threat of fungi, insects, and nematodes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

β-Hexosaminidases Along the Secretory Pathway of Nicotiana benthamiana Have Distinct Specificities Toward Engineered Helminth N-Glycans on Recombinant Glycoproteins

et al. 2021

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Secretions of parasitic worms (helminths) contain a wide collection of immunomodulatory glycoproteins with the potential to treat inflammatory disorders, like autoimmune diseases. Yet, the identification of single molecules that can be developed into novel biopharmaceuticals is hampered by the limited availability of native parasite-derived proteins. Recently, pioneering work has shown that helminth glycoproteins can be produced transiently in Nicotiana benthamiana plants while simultaneously mimicking their native helminth N-glycan composition by co-expression of desired glycosyltransferases. However, efficient “helminthization” of N-glycans in plants by glyco-engineering seems to be hampered by the undesired truncation of complex N-glycans by β-N-acetyl-hexosaminidases, in particular when aiming for the synthesis of N-glycans with antennary GalNAcβ1-4GlcNAc (LacdiNAc or LDN). In this study, we cloned novel β-hexosaminidase open reading frames from N. benthamiana and characterized the biochemical activity of these enzymes. We identified HEXO2 and HEXO3 as enzymes responsible for the cleavage of antennary GalNAc residues of N-glycans on the model helminth glycoprotein kappa-5. Furthermore, we reveal that each member of the HEXO family has a distinct specificity for N-glycan substrates, where HEXO2 has strict β-galactosaminidase activity, whereas HEXO3 cleaves both GlcNAc and GalNAc. The identification of HEXO2 and HEXO3 as major targets for LDN cleavage will enable a targeted genome editing approach to reduce undesired processing of these N-glycans. Effective knockout of these enzymes could allow the production of therapeutically relevant glycoproteins with tailor-made helminth N-glycans in plants.

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Enhanced production of N-acetyl-glucosaminidase by marine Aeromonas caviae CHZ306 in bioreactor

Cardozo,

Feitosa,

Mendonça

et al. 2023

Braz J Microbiol

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Different Roles of ÃÂ²-N-Acetylhexosaminidase in Metabolism

Cited by 3 publications

References 17 publications

Active microbiota persist in dry permafrost and active layer from Elephant Head, Antarctica

Active microbiota persist in dry permafrost and active layer from Elephant Head, Antarctica

β-Hexosaminidases Along the Secretory Pathway of Nicotiana benthamiana Have Distinct Specificities Toward Engineered Helminth N-Glycans on Recombinant Glycoproteins

Enhanced production of N-acetyl-glucosaminidase by marine Aeromonas caviae CHZ306 in bioreactor

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Different Roles of ÃÂ²-N-Acetylhexosaminidase in Metabolism

Cited by 3 publications

References 17 publications

Active microbiota persist in dry permafrost and active layer from Elephant Head, Antarctica

Active microbiota persist in dry permafrost and active layer from Elephant Head, Antarctica

β-Hexosaminidases Along the Secretory Pathway of Nicotiana benthamiana Have Distinct Specificities Toward Engineered Helminth N-Glycans on Recombinant Glycoproteins

Enhanced production of N-acetyl-glucosaminidase by marine Aeromonas caviae CHZ306 in bioreactor

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Different Roles of ÃÂ²-N-Acetylhexosaminidase in Metabolism