Different types of target probability have different prefrontal consequences

Hon, Nicholas; Ong, Ju Lynn; Tan, Rebecca; Yang, Tang Hsiang

doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.06.093

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…However, recent work has suggested that the effect might have an attentional locus, with low probability targets appearing to require more attentional resources (than high probability ones) to detect: Relative to high probability targets, performance to low probability targets was disproportionately worsened by manipulations that reduced the amount of attentional resources available for detection and disproportionately improved by manipulations that increased the availability of such resources (Hon & Tan, 2013). The idea that the target probability effect is attention-based is, in fact, consistent with what has been found in neurophysiological investigations: The effect of target probability is most typically noted in frontoparietal brain regions associated with attention, with low probability targets eliciting greater levels of activity in these regions (Casey et al, 2001;Duncan-Johnson & Donchin, 1977;Hon, Ong, Tan, & Yang, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Rare targets are less susceptible to attention capture once detection has begun

Hon

Chan

2015

Psychon Bull Rev

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Rare or low probability targets are detected more slowly and/ or less accurately than higher probability counterparts. Various proposals have implicated perceptual and response-based processes in this deficit. Recent evidence, however, suggests that it is attentional in nature, with low probability targets requiring more attentional resources than high probability ones to detect. This difference in attentional requirements, in turn, suggests the possibility that low and high probability targets may have different susceptibilities to attention capture, which is also known to be resource-dependent. Supporting this hypothesis, we found that, once attentional resources have begun to be engaged by detection processes, low, but not high, probability targets have a reduced susceptibility to capture. Our findings speak to several issues. First, they indicate that the likelihood of attention capture occurring when a given task-relevant stimulus is being processed is dependent, to some extent, on how said stimulus is represented within mental task sets. Second, they provide added support for the idea that the behavioural deficit associated with low probability targets is attention-based. Finally, the current data point to reduced top-down biasing of target templates as a likely mechanism underlying the attentional locus of the deficit in question.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Rare targets are less susceptible to attention capture once detection has begun

Hon

Chan

2015

Psychon Bull Rev

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“…Activation of the left MFG during a semantic target detection task has been reported using fMRI (Shahin et al, 2006). Variability in responses to targets and relevant non-targets has also been shown in detection tasks using visual stimuli (Kirino et al, 2000; Kiehl et al, 2001; Bledowski et al, 2004; Hampshire et al, 2007; Hon et al, 2012). To varying degrees, MFG as well as IFG were shown to respond either selectively to visual targets or to both targets and relevant non-targets.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Differential activation of human core, non-core and auditory-related cortex during speech categorization tasks as revealed by intracranial recordings

et al. 2014

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Speech perception requires that sounds be transformed into speech-related objects with lexical and semantic meaning. It is unclear at what level in the auditory pathways this transformation emerges. Primary auditory cortex has been implicated in both representation of acoustic sound attributes and sound objects. While non-primary auditory cortex located on the posterolateral superior temporal gyrus (PLST) is clearly involved in acoustic-to-phonetic pre-lexical representations, it is unclear what role this region plays in auditory object formation. Additional data support the importance of prefrontal cortex in the formation of auditory objects, while other data would implicate this region in auditory object selection. To help clarify the respective roles of auditory and auditory-related cortex in the formation and selection of auditory objects, we examined high gamma activity simultaneously recorded directly from Heschl's gyrus (HG), PLST and prefrontal cortex, while subjects performed auditory semantic detection tasks. Subjects were patients undergoing evaluation for treatment of medically intractable epilepsy. We found that activity in posteromedial HG and early activity on PLST was robust to sound stimuli regardless of their context, and minimally modulated by tasks. Later activity on PLST could be strongly modulated by semantic context, but not by behavioral performance. Activity within prefrontal cortex also was related to semantic context, and did co-vary with behavior. We propose that activity in posteromedial HG and early activity on PLST primarily reflect the representation of spectrotemporal sound attributes. Later activity on PLST represents a pre-lexical processing stage and is an intermediate step in the formation of word objects. Activity in prefrontal cortex appears directly involved in word object selection. The roles of other auditory and auditory-related cortical areas in the formation of word objects remain to be explored.

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“…Rather, its effect is commonly discussed in relation to prefrontal and parietal regions. In both fMRI and ERP investigations, an inverse relationship is typically observed between target probability and neural activity, with lower-probability targets producing greater frontoparietal activation than higher-probability targets (Casey et al, 2001;Duncan-Johnson & Donchin, 1977;Hon, Ong, Tan, & Yang, 2012;Huettel, Mack, & McCarthy, 2002;Tueting, Sutton, & Zubin, 1970). The prevalent view is that frontoparietal regions encode the currently relevant task context (Corbetta & Shulman, 2002;Desimone & Duncan, 1995;Miller & Cohen, 2001).…”

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confidence: 99%

Why rare targets are slow: Evidence that the target probability effect has an attentional locus

Hon

Tan

2013

Atten Percept Psychophys

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Target probability has a well-known effect on detection times: Targets that occur with lower probability are detected more slowly than their higherprobability counterparts. A long-standing issue of interest is what causes this effect. In the two experiments of this study, we examined the possibility that the target probability effect has an attentional locus. We report two key findings that are consistent with this hypothesis. First, we observed a magnification of the effect when the attentional resources available for target detection were limited. Second, we also observed the complementary pattern: an attenuation of the effect when more attentional resources were available for detection. We propose that the target probability effect is caused by an asymmetry in the attentional demands made by targets that occur with different probabilities, with low-probability targets being more attentionally demanding than high-probability ones.

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Different types of target probability have different prefrontal consequences

Cited by 10 publications

References 43 publications

Rare targets are less susceptible to attention capture once detection has begun

Rare targets are less susceptible to attention capture once detection has begun

Differential activation of human core, non-core and auditory-related cortex during speech categorization tasks as revealed by intracranial recordings

Why rare targets are slow: Evidence that the target probability effect has an attentional locus

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