Different typical dietary lipid consumption affects the bile acid metabolism and the gut microbiota structure: an animal trial using Sprague‐Dawley rats

Abstract

BACKGROUND The palm oil (PO), leaf lard oil (LO), rapeseed oil (RO), sunflower oil (SO) and linseed oil (LN) are five of the most typical dietary lipids in most Asian countries. However, their influences on gut health, and the connections between the fatty acid composition, the gut microbiota, and the bile acid metabolism are not fully understood. RESULTS In the present study, results showed that compared with polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)‐rich SO and LN, the saturated fatty acid (SFA)‐rich and monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA)‐rich PO, LO and RO were more likely to decrease the re‐absorption of bile acid in the colon, which was probably caused by their different role in modulating the gut microbiota structure. LO consumption significantly up‐regulated the Cyp27a1, FXR and TGR5 gene expression level (P < 0.05). The correlation results suggested that the C18:0 was significantly positive correlated with these three genes, indicating that intake of SFA‐rich dietary lipids, especially for the C18:0, could specifically increase the bile acid production by stimulating the bile acid alternative synthesis pathway. Although the bile acid receptor expression in the colon was increased, the re‐absorption of bile acid did not show a significant increase (P > 0.05) as compared with other dietary lipids. Moreover, the C18:2‐rich SO maintained the bile acid metabolic balance probably by decreasing the Romboutsia, while increasing the Bifidobacterium abundance in the colon. CONCLUSIONS The different dietary lipids showed different effects on the bile acid metabolism, which was probably connected with the alterations in the gut microbiota structure. The present study could provide basic understandings about the influences of the different dietary lipids consumption on gut homeostasis and bile acid metabolism. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.

The triacylglycerol structure and composition of a human milk fat substitute affect the absorption of fatty acids and calcium, lipid metabolism and bile acid metabolism in newly-weaned Sprague-Dawley rats

“…For example, a recent study found that saturated fatty acid-rich and monounsaturated fatty acid-rich palm oil, leaf lard oil and rapeseed oil were more likely to decrease the re-absorption of bile acid in the colon, compared with polyunsaturated fatty acid-rich sunflower oil and linseed oil. 13 Additional studies are necessary to explore the effects of the TAG structure and composition on bile acid metabolism.…”

The nutritional and functional properties of 1-oleoyl-2-palmitoyl-3-linoleoylglycerol-rich oil: promoting early-life growth and intestinal health with alterations in the intestinal microbiota of Micropterus salmoides

“…63 Romboutsia_ilealis is a potential pathogen associated with colitis disease. 54 Notably, the OPL group was found to have a significantly lower abundance of potential pathogens than the PPP group ( p < 0.05), primarily Staphylococcus_nepalensis , Salmonella_enterica , Gammaproteobacteria , and Candidatus_berkiella (Fig. 4(C)).…”

“…3(B)), which may be attributed to LA and PA. A previous report has shown that dietary fat usually results in a high abundance of Firmicutes , 53 and their abundance is positively correlated with the content of PA in the diet. 54 However, LA was found to lower the abundance of Firmicutes . 55 At the genus level, the abundance of Aurantimicrobium , Rathayibacter , Streptomyces , and Cetobacterium abundance was enriched in the OPL group, while the Staphylococcus , Bacillus , and Romboutsia abundance were enriched in the PPP and MO groups (Fig.…”

Sciadonic acid attenuates high-fat diet-induced obesity in mice with alterations in the gut microbiota

“…46 The gut microbiota could metabolize primary bile acids, meditating the primary bile acid modification processes, and regulated the bile acid enterohepatic circulation signaling by meditating FXR and TGR5 enzymes. 47 Among these, the Lactobacillus taxa are able to deconjugate bile acids in the gut by mediating the expression of the bile salt hydrolase, which contributes to altering the structure of the gut microbiota and the process of bile acid metabolism. 48 Therefore, SC affected the composition of the gut microbiota, which may influence the modification process of primary and secondary bile acids and thus meditate the bile acid metabolic process.…”