DIFFERENTIAL ABAXIAL AND ADAXIAL STOMATAL RESPONSES TO INDOLE‐3‐ACETIC ACID IN<i>COMMELINA COMMUNIS</i>L.

Pemadasa, M. A.

doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.1982.tb03253.x

Cited by 56 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Thus, its effects on abaxial and adaxial stomata suggest a hormonal basis for their differential behaviour. In fact, our experimental results that indole-3-acetic acid (Pemadasa, 1982b), like fusicoccin (Pemadasa, 1981), is highly effective in producing exceptionally wide adaxial apertures and, therefore, eliminating the normal disparity in abaxial and adaxial opening also substantiate this supposition.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Effects of Phenylacetic Acid on Abaxial and Adaxial Stomatal Movements and Its Interaction With Abscisic Acid

Pemadasa

1982

New Phytologist

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SUMMARY The effects of varying concentrations of phenylacetic acid (PAA), alone and in combination with abscisic acid (ABA), on abaxial and adaxial stomatal movements were examined on isolated epidermis of Commelina communis. Increasing PAA concentration progressively suppressed abaxial opening, while up to 5 mol m−3 PAA produced remarkably wide adaxial apertures but higher concentrations caused closure; the stomatal K.+ changed accordingly. PAA, like the K+ ionophore benzo‐18‐crown‐6, showed strong antagonistic interactions with ABA. The results are interpreted by postulating that PAA, like benzo‐18‐crown‐6, increases the membrane permeability to K+. The normal abaxial permeability allows a net K+ gain required for opening, but the PAA‐induced increase in permeability causes a net K+ loss leading to closure, because the efflux down a concentration gradient outweighs the influx coupled with proton extrusion. In contrast, the normal K+ content is much less in adaxial than in abaxial guard cells, clear evidence of an inherent restriction to K+ fluxes; this is attributed to restricted membrane permeability to K+, which PAA is postulated to alleviate progressively with increasing concentration. Thus, an increase in permeability up to a critical limit favours a net K+ gain and promotes opening, but any further increase leads to a net K+ loss and causes closure, as in abaxial guard cells. This interpretation is substantiated by both the progressive reduction of PAA‐induced closure with increasing KC1 in the medium and the close similarity of the effects of PAA and benzo‐18‐crown‐6, alone and in antagonism with ABA, on abaxial and adaxial stomata.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Effects of Phenylacetic Acid on Abaxial and Adaxial Stomatal Movements and Its Interaction With Abscisic Acid

Pemadasa

1982

New Phytologist

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“…Alternatively, changes in other growth regulators might be responsible for the LY-induced stomatal closure. Cytokinins (Incoll & Jewer, 1987) or auxins (Pemadasa, 1982;Snaith & Mansfield, 1982) can promote stomatal opening and can override the ABA-induced stomatal closure (Davies & Zhang, 1991). It is possible that the LY-induced stomatal closure might result from a reduced supply of c^^tokinins, as has been proposed for droughtinduced stomatal closure (Davies & Zhang, 1991).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological and biochemical changes in shoots of coconut palms affected by lethal yellowing

et al. 1996

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SUMMARYNoon stomatal conductance of lethal-yellowing (LY) affected coconut palms (Cocos nucifera L. Atlantic Tall ecotype) decreased progressively as the disease developed. In the early stages of the disease and before leaf yellowing started, stomatal conductance decreased to a minimum in leaves at both the top, the middle and the base of the crown. Since altered stomatal behaviour might affect gas exchange and related processes in the plant, such as water movement and photosynthesis, these results support the hypothesis that LY-induced stomatai closure is central to the development of LY symptoms in coconut palms, and therefore to the mode of pathogenicity of the LY mycoplasma-like organism. Leaf yellowing occurred simultaneously with a decrease in photosynthetic rates and a decrease in protein, chlorophyll and carotenoid contents. Based on these biochemical changes a second hypothesis is proposed, that LY-associated leaf 3'ellowing is part of a leaf senescence process. The concentration of abscisic acid in the leaves and the capacity of leaf tissue to form ethylene increased in diseased palms, suggesting that a hormonal imbalance occurs in LY-afTected palms. Furthermore, treatment of symptomless palms with an ethylene-releasing agent (ethephon) resulted in symptoms that mimicked some of the LY symptoms. A third hypothesis is therefore proposed, that a hormonal imbalance might be related to LY symptom development, at least with respect to nutfall and leaf senescence.

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“…aBa is a strong inhibitor of stomatal opening and a major effort was made to elucidate the action mechanism of this hormone in the stomata. Pemadasa (1982) proved that externally applied indole-3-acetic acid (Iaa) promotes stomatal opening. Blackman & Davies (1983) postulated that cytokinins reverse the stomatal closing promoted by aBa application; subsequently, Incoll & Jewer (1985) verified that when kinetin was applied to Anthephorapubescens, stomatal opening was promoted.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Actinidia deliciosaleaf stomatal characteristics in relation to benzyladenine incubation periods in micropropagated expiants

Moncalean¹,

Fernández

Rodrı́guez

2007

New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science

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Size, density, and stomata opening value in leaves of Actinidia deliciosa shoots cultured in three benzyladenine (BA) concentrations (4.4, 44, and 440 µM) during different incubation periods at the end of the multiplication, rooting, and acclimatisation phases were measured. A follow-up of the morphology of both adaxial and abaxial surfaces of the leaves was also performed. The presence or absence of 4.4 µm BA in the culture medium did not affect stomatal size during the multiplication phase, though the increase of the BA incubation period from 30 min to 4h did induce an increment in the stomata transversal axis size. The application of BA (4.4 µM), regardless of the incubation period, increased stomatal density at the end of the multiplication phase. When the concentration of BA was increased in the culture medium during the multiplication phase, a decrease in the stomatal opening took place at the end of the acclimatisation phase.

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DIFFERENTIAL ABAXIAL AND ADAXIAL STOMATAL RESPONSES TO INDOLE‐3‐ACETIC ACID INCOMMELINA COMMUNISL.

Cited by 56 publications

References 19 publications

Effects of Phenylacetic Acid on Abaxial and Adaxial Stomatal Movements and Its Interaction With Abscisic Acid

Effects of Phenylacetic Acid on Abaxial and Adaxial Stomatal Movements and Its Interaction With Abscisic Acid

Physiological and biochemical changes in shoots of coconut palms affected by lethal yellowing

Actinidia deliciosaleaf stomatal characteristics in relation to benzyladenine incubation periods in micropropagated expiants

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