Differential actions of FSH and LH during folliculogenesis

Palermo, Roberto

doi:10.1016/s1472-6483(10)60347-1

Cited by 133 publications

(118 citation statements)

References 142 publications

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“…Dev. 58: [438][439][440][441][442][443][444] 2012) T he ovary plays two distinct functions in female reproduction: it produces germ cells (oocytes) and provides a proper hormonal environment for ovarian follicles undergoing cycles of growth and development induced by gonadotropins [1][2][3]. Although gonadotropins are predominant regulators of follicular development, it is now clear that there is a wide range of additional regulators of follicular maturation produced within the ovarian tissue such as steroids and peptide hormones, as well as ovarian growth factors.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Does 2-hydroxyflutamide Inhibit Apoptosis in Porcine Granulosa Cells? — An <i>In Vitro</i> Study

Duda

Durlej

Knet

et al. 2012

Journal of Reproduction and Development

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Abstract. In mammalian ovaries, the majority of follicles are lost before ovulation by atresia. This degenerative process is initiated or caused by granulosa cell apoptosis. To reveal the androgen-dependent mechanism of selective follicular atresia, the culture model system for agonism and antagonism of the androgen receptor has been established. We examined the influence of an androgen receptor antagonist, 2-hydroxyflutamide (2-Hf), on the incidence of apoptosis in cultured porcine granulosa cells. They were incubated (6 and 12-h) in the presence of testosterone (T, 10 -7 M), 2-Hf (1.7×10 -4 M) or both T and 2-Hf (T+2-Hf), and then analyzed by flow cytometry with fluorescein labelled annexin V. To better imitate in vivo conditions, the intact porcine follicles (6-8 mm in diameter) have been incubated in an organ culture system with the addition of the same factors. Sections obtained from follicles fixed after culture were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and the presence of apoptosis-related DNA strand breaks was evaluated by the TUNEL method. Estradiol and progesterone concentrations in the culture media were measured by radioimmunoassays. The addition of T or 2-Hf to the culture media caused an increase in the number of apoptotic granulosa cells, while treatment with T+2-Hf decreased it in both in vitro and organotypic models. Follicles cultured with the addition of T or 2-Hf exhibited morphological changes indicating follicular atresia. Granulosal estradiol secretion was considerably stimulated by T+2-Hf. The highest increase in follicular estradiol secretion was observed after the anti-androgen addition. In both granulosal and follicular cultures, the production of progesterone declined in the presence of T or 2-Hf but increased after their simultaneous addition. In conclusion, androgen receptor antagonist 2-Hf attenuates induction of granulosa cell apoptosis in the presence of a high T level. The nature of this protective mechanism as yet is unknown and requires further research. Key words: Apoptosis, Granulosa cells, 2-hydroxyflutamide, Ovarian follicles, Pig (J. Reprod. Dev. 58: [438][439][440][441][442][443][444] 2012) T he ovary plays two distinct functions in female reproduction: it produces germ cells (oocytes) and provides a proper hormonal environment for ovarian follicles undergoing cycles of growth and development induced by gonadotropins [1][2][3]. Although gonadotropins are predominant regulators of follicular development, it is now clear that there is a wide range of additional regulators of follicular maturation produced within the ovarian tissue such as steroids and peptide hormones, as well as ovarian growth factors. They act by paracrine mechanisms to modulate, either to amplify or attenuate, the functions of gonadotropins [4]. Amongst the several hundred thousand primordial follicles present in the mammalian ovary, only 1% of them develop to the preovulatory stage and finally ovulate [5]. The remaining ones will be eliminated via a degenerative process called atresia [6,7]. Atresia ...

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confidence: 99%

Does 2-hydroxyflutamide Inhibit Apoptosis in Porcine Granulosa Cells? — An <i>In Vitro</i> Study

Duda

Durlej

Knet

et al. 2012

Journal of Reproduction and Development

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“…Moreover, corpus luteum is a dynamic endocrine gland within the ovary and originates from the thecal and granulosa cells following breakdown of the basal lamina immediately prior to follicle rupture [47]. Corpus luteum differentiates from the mature follicle after ovulation and the corpus luteal cells are the principal secretors of progesterone that is dependent on the LH [48].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover androgen production from the thecal cells is largely under the control of LH from the pituitary [46]. Therefore, the decrease in LH observed in the Xylopia aethiopica extract treated Group C rats could impair androgen production and inhibit the conversion of androgens into estrogens in the granulosa cells resulting in the reduction in estrogen level.Moreover, corpus luteum is a dynamic endocrine gland within the ovary and originates from the thecal and granulosa cells following breakdown of the basal lamina immediately prior to follicle rupture [47]. Corpus luteum differentiates from the mature follicle after ovulation and the corpus luteal cells are the principal secretors of progesterone that is dependent on the LH [48].…”

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confidence: 99%

A Comparative Study between Xylopia aethiopica Dried Fruit Extract and Ibuprofen Inhibiting Effects on Some Reproductive Hormones Irrespective of the Estrous Cycle

Onuka

Okechukwu

Maxine

2017

IJCAM

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Ibuprofen is often used for contraception, therefore, Xylopia aethiopica dried fruit extract and ibuprofen were tested on follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), glucocorticoid, progesterone and estrogen levels in adult female rats in order to determine whether Xylopia aethiopica dried fruit extract can be used for contraception. Twenty one rats were randomly divided into 3 groups (n = 7) comprising of control group A, experimental Group B and C. The experimental Group B received 180 mg/kg of ibuprofen daily and experimental Group C received 300 mg/kg of Xylopia aethiopica dried fruit extract. All administration of drug and extract was done via oral route and lasted for 14 days independent of estrous cycle. Using Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay the serum FSH, LH, glucocorticoid, progesterone and estrogen in both extract and ibuprofen treated rats were measured. Results showed that ibuprofen caused significant reduction of FSH (P<0.05). The extract did not cause significant difference in the serum FSH level. Both ibuprofen and extract caused significant reduction (P<0.05) in the serum LH levels. Both ibuprofen and extract caused significant elevation (P< 0.05) in glucocorticoid level. However, the extract caused significant reduction (P<0.05) in the serum progesterone and estrogen levels respectively compared to ibuprofen. In that sense, Xylopia aethiopica dried fruit extract acted as a more potent contraceptive, inhibitor of ovulatory hormones than ibuprofen. and selectively blocks estrogen-mediated receptors in rats [7]. Moreover, the use of synthetic steroidal contraceptives has proven unsafe to the health of the user as they pose risk of side effects [8][9][10]. Keywords:In Africa, traditional methods of contraception are on the increase and have been increasingly sought for in herbal plants because herbs are effective, cheap and safe [11] [16,17]. Meanwhile, in ancient times, women drank extracted water from Xylopia aethiopica as a natural method of contraception that became part of Igbo folklore and this led to the present research work. The plant, Xylopia aethiopica commonly known as "Uda" in Igbo language, "Eeru alamo" in Yoruba language and "Chimba" in Hausa language is a tropical evergreen, aromatic plant that grows commonly in wet swampy soils and forest zones of West Africa characterized with a slim tall tree of about 15 -30 m tall and 0.6 -0.7 m in diameter, straight stem, slightly stripped or smooth bark with consistent pepperish aroma with dry brown, corrugated in shape with pods containing 4 -9 kidney shaped peppery seeds about 0.05 m in length [18,19].However, antifertility effect of Xylopia aethiopica have been demonstrated in male rats [20,21]. In another study unpublished, we demonstrated that Xylopia aethiopica dried fruit extract caused alteration in luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and glucocorticoid hormone during proestrus phase of clomiphene-treated rats. Because Xylopia aethiopica have analgesic properties and can be used in t...

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“…Although ovarian response can be predicted by many factors including maternal age, antral follicle count (AFC), basal serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), serum inhibin B, and serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) [12-13-14], so many patients who have normal parameters for ovarian reserve response poorly to ovulation induction protocols producing low-quality oocytes and poor embryos [15,16,17]. Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), and Lutinizing hormone(LH) are related to the human gonadotropins family; stimulating the ovaries and playing vital role in reproduction [18]. Both secreted from the anterior pituitary gland [19].…”

Section: Issn: 2320-5407mentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Follicular Phase LH concentration and LH to FSH ratio as Predictor of IVF/ICSI Outcome.

Al-Anbari.¹

2016

IJAR

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Background: This study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of early follicular phase LH level and LH: FSH ratio on number of mature follicles, retrieved oocytes, oocytes maturity, quality of embryo, and pregnancy rate. Methods: This retrospective observational study was undertaken in the High Institute of Infertility Diagnosis and Assisted Reproductive Technologies /Al-Nahrain University. The study included 115 women who underwent IVF/ICSI treatment cycles from February 2015 to may 2016. Prior to the first IVF/ICSI treatment all women included in the study had blood samples analyzed on menstrual cycle Day 2, 3 or 4 for basal levels of Follicle stimulating hormone and Luteinizing hormone. Patients was sub grouped according to early follicular phase LH to FSH ratio into group A ≤0.5 and group B>0.5, and regarding early follicular phase LH into Group I (≤3 mIU/ml) and Group II (>3 mIU/ml) Results: Women with elevated early follicular phase LH to FSH ratio (LH: FSH>0.5) required significantly (p<0.001) lower doses of gonadotrophins. The outcome of IVF/ICSI was significantly (p<0.001) better in those patients they had larger number of mature follicles (≥17mm), retrieved oocytes, mature oocytes (metaphase II), fertilized oocytes, cleaved embryos, and pregnancy rates. On the other hand, patients with early follicular phase LH >3 mIU/ml did not differ significantly than patients with early follicular phase (≤3 mIU/ml). Conclusion: Elevated early follicular phase LH/FSH ratio rather than LH concentration alone is associated with the highest success rates in IVF/ICSI, perhaps reflecting a well-preserved ovarian reserve.

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Differential actions of FSH and LH during folliculogenesis

Cited by 133 publications

References 142 publications

Does 2-hydroxyflutamide Inhibit Apoptosis in Porcine Granulosa Cells? — An <i>In Vitro</i> Study

Does 2-hydroxyflutamide Inhibit Apoptosis in Porcine Granulosa Cells? — An <i>In Vitro</i> Study

A Comparative Study between Xylopia aethiopica Dried Fruit Extract and Ibuprofen Inhibiting Effects on Some Reproductive Hormones Irrespective of the Estrous Cycle

Early Follicular Phase LH concentration and LH to FSH ratio as Predictor of IVF/ICSI Outcome.

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