Differential Allocation of Seed-Borne Ergot Alkaloids During Early Ontogeny of Morning Glories (Convolvulaceae)

Aims: A fungal endophyte, Neotyphodium uncinatum, accumulates N-formylloline, which is toxic to Hemipteran insects, in Italian ryegrass. This study aimed to clarify the dynamics of N. uncinatum and N-formylloline in Italian ryegrass, and their relationship to insect resistance. Methods and Results: Changes in the density and localization of N. uncinatum and N-formylloline in N. uncinatum-infected Italian ryegrass were examined by real-time PCR and gas chromatography, respectively. Neotyphodium uncinatum multiplied on pseudostems at the flowering stage, and then increased on inflorescences at the ripening stage. On the other hand, N-formylloline accumulated heavily in inflorescences and leaf blades, but lightly in pseudostems at the ripening stage. In field experiments, N. uncinatum-infected Italian ryegrass suppressed the occurrence of Stenotus rubrovittatus, which fed on the inflorescences, but was not effective to Laodelphax striatellus, which do not necessarily prefer a particular plant tissue. Conclusion: Localization of N. uncinatum and N-formylloline were discordant in Italian ryegrass. The N. uncinatum-infected Italian ryegrass was effective to only insects that prefer to feed on particular plant tissues containing N-formylloline. Significance and Impact of Study: Our data implies that the relationship between insect habits and the dynamics of alkaloids in plants is important for the effective use of endophyte-infected crops.

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“…; Beaulieu et al . ), and the alkaloids densities remarkably vary at different plant stage (e.g. Kasai et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of Neotyphodium uncinatum and N -formylloline in Italian ryegrass, and their relation to insect resistance in the field

Matsukura

Shiba

Sasaki³

et al. 2013

J Appl Microbiol

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“…In the case of vertebrates, it has been determined that some toxic alkaloids, such as ergot alkaloids, behave like neurotransmitters (i.e., dopamine, serotonin, and adrenaline) causing vasoconstriction, smooth muscle contraction, bewilderment, and hallucinations (Beaulieu et al, 2013). In addition, penitrem, paxilline, and lolitrem B are also known to be tremorgenic and have been associated with diseases of domestic animals and mice (Gallagher et al, 1981; Smith et al, 1997).…”

Section: Endophyte As a Control Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Perennial Ryegrass Endophytes and Their Potential Use in the Management of African Black Beetle in Perennial Grazing Systems in Australia

et al. 2017

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The major insect pest of Australian cool temperate pastures is the root-feeding insect Heteronychus arator (African black beetle, ABB). Significant pasture damage can occur even at low ABB densities (11 individuals per square meter), and often re-sowing of the whole paddock is required. Mitigation of the effects of pasture pests, and in particular subterranean species such as the larval form of ABB, can be challenging. Early detection is limited by the ability to visualize above-ground symptoms, and chemical control of insects in soil is often ineffective. This review takes a look at the historical events that molded the pastoral landscape in Australia. The importation route, changes in land management and pasture composition by European settlers may have aided the establishment of ABB in Australia. Perennial ryegrass Lolium perenne is discussed as it is one of the most important perennial agricultural grasses and is widely-sown in moderate-to-high-rainfall temperate zones of the world. Endophytic fungi from the genus Epichloë form symbiotic relationships with cool season grasses such as Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass). They have been studied extensively and are well documented for enhancing persistence in pasture via a suite of bioactive secondary metabolites produced by the fungal symbionts. Several well-characterized secondary metabolites are discussed. Some can have negative effects on cattle (e.g., ergovaline and lolitrems) while others have been shown to benefit the host plant through deterrence of insect pests from feeding and by insecticidal activity (e.g., peramine, lolines, ergopeptines). Various control methods for ABB are also discussed, with a focus on the potential role of asexual Epichloë endophytes.

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“…Determination of ergot alkaloid content in seeds and foliage.-Ergot alkaloids were identified and quantified by methods described by Panaccione et al (2012), Beaulieu et al (2013). One to three seeds per accession (18-195 mg) were ground into a coarse powder with a Wiley mill (General Electric Corp.), extracted with methanol and analyzed with HPLC and LC/MS.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic and chemotypic diversity of Periglandula species in eight new morning glory hosts (Convolvulaceae)

Beaulieu

Panaccione²,

Ryan

et al. 2015

Mycologia

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Periglandula ipomoeae and P. turbinae (Ascomycota, Clavicipitaceae) are recently described fungi that form symbiotic associations with the morning glories (Convolvulaceae) Ipomoea asarifolia and Turbina corymbosa, respectively. These Periglandula species are vertically transmitted and produce bioactive ergot alkaloids in seeds of infected plants and ephemeral mycelia on the adaxial surface of young leaves. Whether other morning glories that contain ergot alkaloids also are infected by Periglandula fungi is a central question. Here we report on a survey of eight species of Convolvulaceae (Argyreia nervosa, I. amnicola, I. argillicola, I. gracilis, I. hildebrandtii, I. leptophylla, I. muelleri, I. pes-caprae) for ergot alkaloids in seeds and associated clavicipitaceous fungi potentially responsible for their production. All host species contained ergot alkaloids in four distinct chemotypes with concentrations of 15.8-3223.0 μg/g. Each chemotype was a combination of four or five ergot alkaloids out of seven alkaloids detected across all hosts. In addition, each host species exhibited characteristic epiphytic mycelia on adaxial surfaces of young leaves with considerable interspecific differences in mycelial density. We sequenced three loci from fungi infecting each host: the nuclear rDNA internal transcribed spacer region (ITS), introns of the translation factor 1-α gene (tefA) and the dimethylallyl-tryptophan synthase gene (dmaW), which codes for the enzyme that catalyzes the first step in ergot alkaloid biosynthesis. Phylogenetic analyses confirmed that these fungi are in the family Clavicipitaceae and form a monophyletic group with the two described Periglandula species. This study is the first to report Periglandula spp. from Asian, Australian, African and North American species of Convolvulaceae, including host species with a shrub growth form and host species occurring outside of the tropics. This study demonstrates that ergot alkaloids in morning glories always co-occur with Periglandula spp. and that closely related Periglandula spp. produce alkaloid chemotypes more similar than more distantly related species.

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Differential Allocation of Seed-Borne Ergot Alkaloids During Early Ontogeny of Morning Glories (Convolvulaceae)

Cited by 28 publications

References 54 publications

Dynamics of Neotyphodium uncinatum and N -formylloline in Italian ryegrass, and their relation to insect resistance in the field

Dynamics of Neotyphodium uncinatum and N -formylloline in Italian ryegrass, and their relation to insect resistance in the field

A Review of Perennial Ryegrass Endophytes and Their Potential Use in the Management of African Black Beetle in Perennial Grazing Systems in Australia

Phylogenetic and chemotypic diversity of Periglandula species in eight new morning glory hosts (Convolvulaceae)

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