Differential amygdala activation during emotional decision and recognition memory tasks using unpleasant words: an fMRI study

Tabert, Matthias H.; Borod, Joan C.; Tang, Cheuk Y.; Lange, Gudrun; Wei, Timothy; Johnson, Ray; Nusbaum, Annette O.; Buchsbaum, Monte S.

doi:10.1016/s0028-3932(00)00157-3

Cited by 163 publications

(114 citation statements)

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“…6a, b). These tasks have been previously validated 18 , 19 and established as measures of emotional decision-making and recognition memory assessment. Please refer to Supplementary file 1 for details on task design and data acquisition.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probiotics drive gut microbiome triggering emotional brain signatures

et al. 2018

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Experimental manipulation of the gut microbiome was found to modify emotional and cognitive behavior, neurotransmitter expression and brain function in rodents, but corresponding human data remain scarce. The present double-blind, placebo-controlled randomised study aimed at investigating the effects of 4 weeks’ probiotic administration on behavior, brain function and gut microbial composition in healthy volunteers. Forty-five healthy participants divided equally into three groups (probiotic, placebo and no intervention) underwent functional MRI (emotional decision-making and emotional recognition memory tasks). In addition, stool samples were collected to investigate the gut microbial composition. Probiotic administration for 4 weeks was associated with changes in brain activation patterns in response to emotional memory and emotional decision-making tasks, which were also accompanied by subtle shifts in gut microbiome profile. Microbiome composition mirrored self-reported behavioral measures and memory performance. This is the first study reporting a distinct influence of probiotic administration at behavioral, neural, and microbiome levels at the same time in healthy volunteers. The findings provide a basis for future investigations into the role of the gut microbiota and potential therapeutic application of probiotics.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probiotics drive gut microbiome triggering emotional brain signatures

et al. 2018

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“…There is also a growing body of literature implicating the amygdala in decision-making and learning (Baxter and Murray, 2002;Baxter et al, 2000;Kahn et al, 2002;Rogers et al, 2004;Tabert et al, 2001;Winstanley et al, 2004). Furthermore, Bechara and others have shown that patients suffering from damage to the amygdala also show impairments on the SGT (BarOn et al, 2003;Bechara et al, 2003;Bechara et al, 1999;Ernst et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain atrophy in long-term abstinent alcoholics who demonstrate impairment on a simulated gambling task

et al. 2006

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We recently demonstrated impairment on the Simulated Gambling Task (SGT) in long-term abstinent alcoholics (AbsAlc). Brain regions that have been shown to be necessary for intact SGT performance are the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC) and the amygdala; patients with VMPFC or amygdalar damage demonstrate SGT impairments similar to those of substance abusing populations. We examined these brain regions, using T1-weighted MRIs, in the 101 participants from our previous study using voxel-based morphometry (VBM). VBM was performed using a modification we developed (Fein et al., 2006) of Baron's procedure, (Baron et al., 2001), in which we use skullstripped images as input. We also restricted the analysis to a ROI consisting of the amygdala and VMPFC as defined by the Talairach Daemon resource. Compared to the controls, the AbsAlc participants had significant foci of reduced gray matter density within the amygdala. Thus, SGT decision-making deficits are associated with reduced gray matter in the amygdala, a brain region previously implicated in similar decision-making impairments in neurological samples. This structurally based abnormality may be the result of long-term alcohol abuse or dependence, or it may reflect a pre-existing factor that predisposes one to severe alcoholism. From an image analysis perspective, this work demonstrates the increased sensitivity that results from using skull-stripped inputs and from restricting the analysis to a ROI. Without both of these methodological advances, no statistically significant finding would have been forthcoming from this work.

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“…Pharmacologic lesion studies have demonstrated that the central nucleus of the amygdala is critical for enhanced attentional arousal in response to fear-evoking stimuli (24,25), and patient studies have confirmed that amygdalar lesions eliminate orienting toward emotional stimuli (18,26). Amygdalar connections to the brainstem (24,27), thalamus (24,28), and lower-level sensory areas (28,29) may mediate these attentional effects.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The neural processes contributing to the latter enhancement effect have not been examined. Prior neuroimaging studies investigating the neural processes that underlie the ability to learn emotional information have used stimuli that contain valence and arousal, i.e., that are negative and arousing (29,39,40) or, less frequently, positive and arousing (11,12,41,42). These studies have not made an explicit distinction between valence and arousal.…”

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confidence: 99%

Two routes to emotional memory: Distinct neural processes for valence and arousal

Kensinger

Corkin

2004

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

720

575

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Prior investigations have demonstrated that emotional information is often better remembered than neutral information, but they have not directly contrasted effects attributable to valence and those attributable to arousal. By using functional MRI and behavioral studies, we found that distinct cognitive and neural processes contribute to emotional memory enhancement for arousing information versus valenced, nonarousing information. The former depended on an amygdalar-hippocampal network, whereas the latter was supported by a prefrontal cortex-hippocampal network implicated in controlled encoding processes. A behavioral companion study, with a divided-attention paradigm, confirmed that memory enhancement for valenced, nonarousing words relied on controlled encoding processes: concurrent task performance reduced the enhancement effect. Enhancement for arousing words occurred automatically, even when encoding resources were diverted to the secondary task.W hy do we remember some experiences while forgetting others? Neuroimaging has provided a tool to probe this question. By comparing the neural activity during encoding of items that are later remembered versus those that are later forgotten (a ''subsequent memory'' analysis), one can examine the processes mediating successful encoding (i.e., that are carried out during encoding of words that will later be remembered; reviewed in ref. 1). Functional MRI studies have indicated that activation in prefrontal cortex (PFC), hippocampus, and parahippocampal gyrus underlies successful encoding, such that greater activation in these regions increases the probability that information will be remembered.In most functional MRI studies examining memory formation, stimuli are chosen deliberately to preclude an emotional response. In daily life, however, much of the information we encounter holds emotional significance. Abundant evidence indicates that we often are more likely to remember this emotional information than we are to remember information lacking in emotional import (2, 3). The goal of the present study was to uncover the neural circuits mediating this enhanced memory for emotional information.The amygdala is an obvious site. The early studies of Kluver and Bucy (4) suggested that lesions to the amygdala can result in abnormalities in assigning emotional significance to stimuli. More recent studies have demonstrated a link between amygdalar function and explicit memory for emotional information: patients with amygdalar lesions do not show enhanced memory for emotional as compared with neutral stimuli (5-7), and neuroimaging studies have revealed a link between the amount of amygdalar activation at encoding and the likelihood of later retrieving emotional items (8)(9)(10)(11)(12).Although the evidence implicating the amygdala in emotional memory is strong, further specification of the neural processes is required because the amygdala clearly does not act in isolation. Similarly, the cognitive processes that contribute to the enhancement effect require delineation. Some...

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Differential amygdala activation during emotional decision and recognition memory tasks using unpleasant words: an fMRI study

Cited by 163 publications

References 73 publications

Probiotics drive gut microbiome triggering emotional brain signatures

Probiotics drive gut microbiome triggering emotional brain signatures

Brain atrophy in long-term abstinent alcoholics who demonstrate impairment on a simulated gambling task

Two routes to emotional memory: Distinct neural processes for valence and arousal

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