Differential attachment by conidia of the endophyte, <i>Discula umbrinella</i> (Berk. &amp; Br.) Morelet, to host and non‐host surfaces

Toti, Luigi; Viret, Olivier; Chapela, Ignacio H.; Petrini, Orlando

doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.1992.tb02947.x

Cited by 29 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…2 in O'Connell et al (1996), and in Fig. 1 in Toti et al (1992), which is similar to that shown in some of our illustrations (Fig. 41).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…41). In Discula umbrinella (Toti et al 1992), transwall MFS-like structures are also distinguishable. A ciliiform appearance of the sheath (called fibrillar) is detectable in some of the illustrations by Green et al (1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…First, in our view, structures analogous to MFS can be recognized in many published illustrations of various fungi studied with different techniques. For instance, one may refer to certain illustrations of samples from fungi fixed by freeze substitution (Hoch 1986;Bourett and Howard 1990;Kwon et al 1991;Van Dyke and Mims 1991) or high-pressure freezing (Toti et al 1992;O'Connell et al 1996), two techniques that are specifically considered to provide particularly life-like preservation of fungal structures. A microfilamentous organization of the ES (which was mentioned to extend several microns from the cell) is clearly evident in the material labelled ECM in Figs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The accumulation of extracellular material around fungal cells, and information on its peculiarities as related to growth conditions and cell types, has received increasingly greater attention since it was first mentioned at the end of the 1960s (for example, see : Jones 1968;Colotelo 1978;Evans et al 1981;Beckett et al 1990;Larsen and Green 1992;Chaubal et al 1991;Toti et al 1992;Nicole et al 1993Nicole et al , 1994Nicole et al , 1995Green et al 1995;Nicholson and Kunoh 1995;Perotto et al 1995;Nicholson 1996;Cole et al 1996;O'Connell et al 1996;Pain et al 1996;Tenberge et al 1996). Such material has been given various names, but currently the term extracellular sheath (ES) seems to be the most commonly used.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fine structure of the extracellular sheath and cell walls inOphiostoma novo-ulmigrowing on various substrates

Ouellette¹,

Chamberland²,

Goulet³

et al. 1999

Can. J. Microbiol.

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The presence of microfilamentous-like structures of tubular appearance (MFS) in cell walls and extracellular sheath material (ES) in a number of isolates of Ophiostoma novo-ulmi Brasier grown on various substrates and following various treatments is reported. Standard fixation or high-pressure freezing methods were used, and cytochemical tests were carried out to detect fungal and host wall components and, in some cases, fungal DNA. In some cases, serial 0.2-µm-thick sections were examined at 120 kV and tilted to obtain stereoscopic images. Whether the fungal cell walls were thick and composed of an outer opaque and inner more electron-lucent layers, or thin and barely perceptible, MFS were observed to extend from the cell cytoplasm as parallel structures across the walls into the surrounding medium, including host cell components in infected elm tissues. MFS were associated (in samples from inoculated trees) with cleavage and desquamation of fungal walls. ES and MFS did not label for cellulose or chitin, but generally labelled slightly for β-(1-3)-glucan and mannose, and strongly for galactose. Only the lucent, inner fungal wall layer labelled for chitin and cellulose. DNA labelling was confined to nuclei and mitochondria in fungal cells from cultures on agar medium; in cells from cultures on millipore membranes, it was pronounced over imprecisely delimited cell regions. The possible ontogeny of MFS components and their importance are discussed. Résumé: Des observations ultrastructurales montrent la présence de structures d'allure micro-filamenteuses (MFS) et tubulaires dans les parois et gaines extracellulaires (ES) des cellules de l'Ophiostoma novo-ulmi Brasier poussant sur divers milieux et dans son hôte et soumis à divers traitements. Fixés chimiquement ou cryogéniquement (par haute pression d'azote liquide), certains des échantillons ont été traités avec des sondes marquées pour détecter des composés pariétaux du champignon et de l'hôte, et dans quelques cas l'ADN. Les examens ont porté également sur des coupes sériées de 0,2 µm, à 120 kV et inclinées au goniomètre afin d'obtenir une vue stéréoscopique des structures. La présence de MFS a été perçue dans les cellules fongiques, munies de parois typiques (avec une couche extérieure opaque et une autre intérieure translucide) comme dans les cellules ayant une seule couche pariétale, opaque et mince.Ces MFS pouvaient s'étendre du cytoplasme de la cellule fongique à travers ses parois jusque dans le milieu environnant, y inclus les structures des cellules hôtes dans le cas de tissus d'orme infectés. Dans les échantillons d'arbres inoculés, on a observé des clivages et exfoliations des parois des cellules fongiques, conjointement avec les MFS qui s'y trouvaient liées. Le β-(1-3)-glucane et le mannose ont été décelés en petite quantité dans la couche ES et dans les MFS, le galactose l'a été en plus grande quantité, alors que la chitine et la cellulose n'ont été détectées que dans les parois internes des cellules fongiques. Le marquage pour l'ADN était bien distin...

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“…2 in O'Connell et al (1996), and in Fig. 1 in Toti et al (1992), which is similar to that shown in some of our illustrations (Fig. 41).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Fine structure of the extracellular sheath and cell walls inOphiostoma novo-ulmigrowing on various substrates

Ouellette¹,

Chamberland²,

Goulet³

et al. 1999

Can. J. Microbiol.

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show abstract

“…The dominant fungal species are usually presumed to be specific to the host tree species or closely related species (see e.g. Gennaro et al 2003) because each host species usually harbours a characteristic assemblage of endophytic fungi (Barklund 1987;Danti et al 2002;Stone 1987;Toti et al 1992;Viret et al 1994; but see e.g. Suryanarayanan et al 2003).…”

Section: Are Tree Endophytes Host Specialist or Generalists?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Forest structure and fungal endophytes

Saikkonen

2007

Fungal Biology Reviews

187

111

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Fungi and Grapevine Mycobiota

Viret,

Gindro

2024

Science of Fungi in Grapevine

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The fungi kingdom consists of a vast group of macro- and microscopic eukaryotic organisms characterised by a heterotrophic mode of nutrition and sexual and asexual forms of reproduction. Their history dating back millions of years attests to their remarkable capacity for adaptation, their diversity and their evolutionary plasticity. They encompass an enormous variety of organisms ranging from unicellular yeasts to filamentous fungi which form extensive underground mycelial networks.Fungi are ubiquitous and play a key role in ecosystems as decomposers, symbionts and pathogens. Decomposers are essential for breaking down organic matter in the soil and recycling the nutrients. Symbiotic fungi such as the mycorrhizals establish beneficial mutual relationships with plants. They provide essential nutrients such as phosphorus and nitrogen and receive organic compounds produced by the plant in return. Pathogenic fungi can cause serious diseases in plants, animals and humans. The immense destructive power of phytopathogenic fungi requires effective control measures to minimise their impact on crops. Plants cohabit with a vast array of fungi which form the mycobiome either in (endophytic) or on (ectophytic) the vegetative tissue. These fungi play a vital role in plant health, growth and environmental adaptation. Depending on specific biotic and abiotic factors, some species within the mycobiome can change behaviour and switch from an endophytic to a pathogenic state.Understanding the diversity, role and interactions of the grapevine mycobiome provides new opportunities for sustainable vineyard management. Fungi and plants have cohabited for millennia in a relationship characterised by constantly shifting coevolutionary dynamics that have yet to be discovered.

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Differential attachment by conidia of the endophyte, Discula umbrinella (Berk. & Br.) Morelet, to host and non‐host surfaces

Cited by 29 publications

References 30 publications

Fine structure of the extracellular sheath and cell walls inOphiostoma novo-ulmigrowing on various substrates

Fine structure of the extracellular sheath and cell walls inOphiostoma novo-ulmigrowing on various substrates

Forest structure and fungal endophytes

Fungi and Grapevine Mycobiota

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