Differential Behavioral Responses to Dopaminergic Stimulation of Nucleus Accumbens Subregions in the Rat

Swanson, Chad J.; Heath, Susan; Stratford, Thomas R.; Kelley, Ann E.

doi:10.1016/s0091-3057(97)00043-9

Cited by 156 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…The mechanisms that regulate physical activity are currently not well understood. However, studies have shown that peptides that regulate food intake, such as leptin (76,83,89,90), ghrelin (17,70), pancreatic polypeptide (58,77,107), cholecystokinin (92), the neurotransmitters serotonin (11,42,79,80), glutamate (25,101), dopamine (30,89,100,117), norepinephrine (19,89), nitric oxide synthase (27,47), and ␤-endorphin (43), and the hormone estrogen (104,109), all play potential roles in the regulation of physical activity. In addition, several brain regions have been implicated in the regulation of activity, predominantly the reticular activating formation (89).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual differences in physical activity are closely associated with changes in body weight in adult female rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta)

Sullivan¹,

Koegler²,

Cameron³

2006

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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eron. Individual differences in physical activity are closely associated with changes in body weight in adult female rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 291: R633-R642, 2006. First published April 13, 2006; doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00069.2006.-The increased prevalence of overweight adults has serious health consequences. Epidemiological studies suggest an association between low activity and being overweight; however, few studies have objectively measured activity during a period of weight gain, so it is unknown whether low activity is a cause or consequence of being overweight. To determine whether individual differences in adult weight gain are linked to an individual's activity level, we measured activity, via accelerometry, over a prolonged period (9 mo) in 18 adult female rhesus monkeys. Weight, food intake, metabolic rate, and activity were first monitored over a 3-mo period. During this period, there was mild but significant weight gain (5.5 Ϯ 0.88%; t ϭϪ6.3, df ϭ 17, P Ͻ 0.0001), whereas caloric intake and activity remained stable. Metabolic rate increased, as expected, with weight gain. Activity level correlated with weight gain (r ϭ Ϫ0.52, P ϭ 0.04), and the most active monkeys gained less weight than the least active monkeys (t ϭ Ϫ2.74, df ϭ 8, P ϭ 0.03). Moreover, there was an eightfold difference in activity between the most and least active monkeys, and initial activity of each monkey was highly correlated with their activity after 9 mo (r ϭ 0.85, P Ͻ 0.0001). In contrast, food intake did not correlate with weight gain, and there was no difference in weight gain between monkeys with the highest vs. lowest caloric intake, total metabolic rate, or basal metabolic rate. We conclude that physical activity is a particularly important factor contributing to weight change in adulthood and that there are large, but stable, differences in physical activity among individuals.exercise; obesity; weight gain; energy balance EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES INDICATE that body weight and body fat increase through early and middle adulthood such that by late middle age there is an increased percentage of overweight and obese individuals compared with the early adult period (33,57,63,108,115). Weight gain over the adult years has escalated over the past two decades such that 65% of adults in the United States have a body mass index (BMI) above the healthy range (Ͼ25.0 kg/m 2 ) (32). Weight gain and obesity in adulthood have been associated with overall increases in morbidity and mortality (82) and in the risk of diabetes mellitus (23, 33, 53, 115a), gall bladder disease (115a), coronary heart disease (41, 49, 53, 69, 86, 111, 115a), hypertension (53, 115a), stroke (115a), dyslipidemia (115a), osteoarthritis (115a), gout (115a), pulmonary diseases (115a), colon cancer (35), and breast cancer (118).A large body of epidemiologic data shows an association between low levels of physical activity and a higher rate of adult weight gain, and a greater increase in percent body fat, throughout adult...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual differences in physical activity are closely associated with changes in body weight in adult female rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta)

Sullivan¹,

Koegler²,

Cameron³

2006

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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“…AMPH may have differing effects on the two behaviors because subregions of the nucleus accumbens involved in modulation of the two behaviors may differ. For example, microinjection and lesion studies indicate that the nucleus accumbens shell rather than the core plays a predominant role in the locomotor stimulating effects of AMPH and DA agonists (Swanson et al 1997;Parkinson et al 1999). By contrast, DA agonist administration to either nucleus accumbens shell or core disrupts PPI, with a D2/D3 agonist producing a slightly greater effect in the core compared to the shell (Wan et al 1994).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Birth Insult Alters Dopamine-Mediated Behavior in a Precocial Species, the Guinea Pig Implications for Schizophrenia

Vaillancourt

Boksa

2000

Neuropsychopharmacology

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Schizophrenia is associated with increased birth complications, suggesting that birth complications might alter CNS dopaminergic activity later in life. In rats, Caesarean section (C-section) birth can produce long term changes in dopaminergic biochemistry and behavior. However rat brain is somewhat immature compared to human brain at birth. The current study tested if mild birth complications also alter dopamine-mediated function in a species with a more mature CNS at birth, the guinea pig. As adults, guinea pigs born by C-section showed increased amphetamine-induced locomotion and disruption of prepulse inhibition (PPI) of acoustic startle, compared to vaginally born controls. Guinea pigs born by C-section withThere is considerable evidence that enhanced mesolimbic dopaminergic activity plays an important role in some of the symptomatology of schizophrenia (e.g., Laruelle et al. 1996Laruelle et al. , 1999Breier et al. 1997; AbiDargham et al. 1998; see reviews by Seeman 1992; Lieberman et al. 1997). In addition, a large number of epidemiological studies have demonstrated that perinatal complications, often involving fetal or neonatal hypoxia, are associated with increased risk for the development of schizophrenia (e.g., Geddes and Lawrie 1995;Jones et al. 1998;Dalman et al. 1999;Hultman et al. 1999;Zornberg et al. 2000; see review by McNeil 1995).Animal modelling provides the opportunity to directly test if a birth complication, such as hypoxia, can cause long term changes in dopaminergic function. Using a rat model of global hypoxia during Caesarean section (C-section) birth, several laboratories have demonstrated that dopaminergic systems are sensitive to mild birth alterations (Bjelke et al. 1991;Loidl et al. 1994;Chen et al. 1995Chen et al. , 1997 Brake et al. 1997a,b; Boksa 1997, 1998;Vaillancourt and Boksa 1998; Berger et al. 2000a). Specifically, as adults, rats born by C-section, either with or without addition of a period of global hypoxia, show increased nucleus accumbens dopamine (DA) release in response to repeated stress (Brake et al. 1997b) Vaillancourt et al. 1999), similar to the reported increased incidence of mild respiratory distress in humans born by C-section (Hales et al. 1993).In relation to the possible clinical relevance of these results, rat brain is generally believed to be somewhat less mature at birth than is the brain of the human newborn. It has been suggested that, at approximately postnatal day 10, the brain of the rat is at the stage of rapid growth, accelerated synaptogenesis, myelinization, and astrocyte proliferation characteristic of the human newborn at term (see review by Romijn et al. 1991). Thus, the model of birth insult in the rat may relate more to premature than to term human brain. To circumvent this limitation, we initiated the current studies to test if mild birth complications also alter DA mediated function in a species with a more mature CNS at birth. The guinea pig is a precocial species, that is, capable of a high degree of independent activity at birth....

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“…LiCl (Sigma) was dissolved in 0.9% NaCl. Doses for drugs were selected from the literature (Kanoski et al, 2012;Mietlicki-Baase et al, 2013b;Schmidt and Pierce, 2006;Swanson et al, 1997).…”

Section: Drugsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amylin Modulates the Mesolimbic Dopamine System to Control Energy Balance

Mietlicki‐Baase

Reiner

Cone

et al. 2014

Neuropsychopharmacol

103

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Amylin acts in the CNS to reduce feeding and body weight. Recently, the ventral tegmental area (VTA), a mesolimbic nucleus important for food intake and reward, was identified as a site-of-action mediating the anorectic effects of amylin. However, the long-term physiological relevance and mechanisms mediating the intake-suppressive effects of VTA amylin receptor (AmyR) activation are unknown. Data show that the core component of the AmyR, the calcitonin receptor (CTR), is expressed on VTA dopamine (DA) neurons and that activation of VTA AmyRs reduces phasic DA in the nucleus accumbens core (NAcC). Suppression in NAcC DA mediates VTA amylin-induced hypophagia, as combined NAcC D1/D2 receptor agonists block the intake-suppressive effects of VTA AmyR activation. Knockdown of VTA CTR via adeno-associated virus short hairpin RNA resulted in hyperphagia and exacerbated body weight gain in rats maintained on high-fat diet. Collectively, these findings show that VTA AmyR signaling controls energy balance by modulating mesolimbic DA signaling.

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Differential Behavioral Responses to Dopaminergic Stimulation of Nucleus Accumbens Subregions in the Rat

Cited by 156 publications

References 76 publications

Individual differences in physical activity are closely associated with changes in body weight in adult female rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta)

Individual differences in physical activity are closely associated with changes in body weight in adult female rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta)

Birth Insult Alters Dopamine-Mediated Behavior in a Precocial Species, the Guinea Pig Implications for Schizophrenia

Amylin Modulates the Mesolimbic Dopamine System to Control Energy Balance

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