Differential biological responses of adherent and non-adherent (cancer and non-cancerous) cells to variable extremely low frequency magnetic fields

Abstract

Extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) induces biological effects on different cells through various signaling pathways. To study the impact of the ELF-EMF on living cells under an optimal physiological condition, we have designed and constructed a novel system that eliminates several limitations of other ELF-EMF systems. Apoptosis and cell number were assessed by flow cytometry and the Trypan Blue dye exclusion method, respectively. In vitro cell survival was evaluated by colony formation assay. The distribution of cells in the cell cycle, intracellular ROS level, and autophagy were analyzed by flow cytometer. Suspended cells differentiation was assessed by phagocytosis of latex particles and NBT reduction assay. Our results showed that response to the exposure to ELF-EMF is specific and depends on the biological state of the cell. For DU145, HUVEC, and K562 cell lines the optimum results were obtained at the frequency of 0.01 Hz, while for MDA-MB-231, the optimum response was obtained at 1 Hz. Long-term exposure to ELF-EMF in adherent cells effectively inhibited proliferation by arresting the cell population at the cell cycle G2/M phase and increased intracellular ROS level, leading to morphological changes and cell death. The K562 cells exposed to the ELF-EMF differentiate via induction of autophagy and decreasing the cell number. Our novel ELF-EMF instrument could change morphological and cell behaviors, including proliferation, differentiation, and cell death.

Resistance of Broiler Meat through Exposure to Extremely Low Frequency Magnetic Fields of 700 µT and 900 µT Intensities and Safety Risks to Health

“…Nevertheless, when the intensity reaches 200 µT, there is a propensity for bacterial development to accelerate during the cocoa bean fermentation process (Sudarti et al, 2022e), but an intensity of 300 µT effectively enhances the productivity of edamame fruit (Sudarti et al, 2023). Hence, our work demonstrates that the influence of being exposed to ELF magnetic fields can have either beneficial or detrimental effects, contingent upon the strength, duration of exposure, and biological attributes of cells (Nezamtaheri et al, 2022).…”

An Amplification Mechanism for Weak ELF Magnetic Fields Quantum-Bio Effects in Cancer Cells

“…In addition, the mentioned amplification mechanism should be capable of explaining frequency dependency of the observed phenomena in order of few hertz as it is frequently reported in experiments [31][32][33][34][35]. Our recent study reported different windows of effective frequencies for observed response including elevated intracellular ROS level, morphological changes, and cell death in different cell lines [36]. Given the fact that the frequency of the only oscillatory step in the original RPM scheme (S-T 0 interconversion) is on the order of tens of megahertz [37], observations in the range of few hertz indicate a non-trivial underlying amplification mechanism.…”

An integrative review of pulsed electromagnetic field therapy (PEMF) and wound healing

“…This inhibitory effect on remodelling has been studied as a treatment for dermatologic cancers. 44 Electrochemotherapy mediated by PEMF was found to have a 2-fold increase in drug uptake compared to traditional electrochemotherapy in rat melanoma models. 45 Furthermore, electrochemotherapy with PEMF was found to have comparable tumour growth delays to traditional chemotherapy.…”

“…Yet tissues exposed to lower frequencies of PEMF (1mT) had decreased ROS levels. 44 Higher amplitudes of PEMF promoted tissue regeneration and increased pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, IL-10 and TGF-β. 42,43 However, lower PEMF amplitudes generated opposite effects and inhibited the same inflammatory mediators.…”

“…Excitatory effects were associated with increased activation of Akt/PI3k and ERK; however, inhibitory effects resulted from an increase in ATM-Chk2-p21 signalling. 44 At higher frequencies (6-7mT), an increase in DNA double-strand breaks, apoptosis and levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured, contributing to the inhibition of cell proliferation. Yet tissues exposed to lower frequencies of PEMF (1mT) had decreased ROS levels.…”