Differential bleaching and recovery pattern of southeast Indian coral reef to 2016 global mass bleaching event: Occurrence of stress-tolerant symbiont Durusdinium (Clade D) in corals of Palk Bay

Thinesh, Thangadurai; Meenatchi, R.; Jose, Polpass Arul; Kiran, George Seghal; Selvin, Joseph

doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.05.033

Cited by 31 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…However, there was no indication of synergistic interaction between local stress and heat stress in terms of the corals' bleaching response, showing that these patterns may be more complicated than previously thought. Elsewhere, now-familiar patterns of symbiont shuffling were seen in some of the most heat-sensitive coral species but not in those more resistant (Gong et al 2019;Thinesh et al 2019).…”

Section: What Have We Learned From Gcbe-3?mentioning

confidence: 96%

The 2014–2017 global-scale coral bleaching event: insights and impacts

Eakin

Sweatman

Brainard³

2019

Coral Reefs

298

184

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2014-2017 was an unprecedented period of successive record-breaking hot years, which coincided with the most severe, widespread, and longest-lasting globalscale coral bleaching event ever recorded. The 2014-2017 global-scale coral bleaching event (GCBE) resulted in very high coral mortality on many reefs, rapid deterioration of reef structures, and far-reaching environmental impacts. Through the papers in this special issue of Coral Reefs entitled The 2014-2017 Global Coral Bleaching Event: Drivers, Impacts, and Lessons Learned, as well as papers published elsewhere, we have a good analysis of the 2014-2017 GCBE and its impacts. These studies have provided key insights into how climate change-driven marine heatwaves are destroying coral reef ecosystems: (a) The 2014-2017 GCBE is unique in the satellite record in its spatial scale, duration, intensity, and repetition of bleaching. (b) The impacts have been the most severe ever seen at many reefs. (c) Timing of observations matters and needs to be considered during the analysis of impacts. (d) On both global and local scales, the intensity of heat stress and impacts varied. (e) We continue to see important differences among and within coral taxa, with key roles played by algal symbionts and the microbiome. (f) Heat stress and bleaching both play a role in subsequent disease, which plays a key role in mortality. (g) Impacts ripple far beyond corals, with significant changes to the fish and invertebrate community that may last decades. (h) The structure of both individual coral's skeletons and entire reefs has been eroded much more quickly than previously realized. (i) The 2014-2017 GCBE provided little support for the proposed ''lifeboat'' hypothesis, whereby deep or mesophotic reefs serve as a means of coral reef salvation. (j) While marine protected areas (MPAs) provide protection from local stressors, they not only do not protect reefs from global-scale stressors, but also here is also little evidence they provide significant resilience. Keywords Coral bleaching Á Heat stress Á Coral Reef Watch Á CoralTemp Á Marine heatwave Á Symbionts Á Microbiome Á Coral disease Á El Niño Á ENSO

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Section: What Have We Learned From Gcbe-3?mentioning

confidence: 96%

The 2014–2017 global-scale coral bleaching event: insights and impacts

Eakin

Sweatman

Brainard³

2019

Coral Reefs

298

184

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“…Palk Bay is a nearshore reef environment highly exposed to various anthropogenic and climatic pressures, such as pollution due to improper waste disposal, coastal run-offs, and trap fishing. Studies on Palk Bay, report shifts in ecological balances, as depicted by algal bloom and Terpios attacks 19 , 20 . As reported by Bell et al 11 , 21 and Easson et al 22 , alterations in nutrient cycling or ecosystem imbalance can result in a decline of sponge diversity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The polluted environment was confirmed by the presence of wastewater-treating phyla in both sponges, such as the anoxic phylum Candidatus Parcubacteria 30 , the nitrate-oxidising phylum Nitrospirae 31 , the enhanced biological phosphorus-removing phylum Acidobacteria 33 , and the phyla that include lipid-degrading microbes, such as Proteobacteria, Bacteroides, Spirochaetes 34 , Firmicutes 35 , Chlamydia 36 , Candidatus Saccharibacteria 37 , and Cyanobacteria 38 . The properties of these sponge-associated bacterial communities may be the reason for the sustainable growth of G. pumila and C. lobata in Palk Bay, which is a highly disturbed nearshore reef environment prone to various anthropogenic stresses 20 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity of a bacterial community associated with Cliona lobata Hancock and Gelliodes pumila (Lendenfeld, 1887) sponges on the South-East coast of India

Meenatchi

Brindangnanam

Hassan

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Marine sponges are sources of various bioactive metabolites, including several anticancer drugs, produced mainly by sponge-associated microbes. Palk Bay, on the south-east coast of India, is an understudied, highly disturbed reef environment exposed to various anthropogenic and climatic stresses. In recent years, Palk Bay suffered from pollution due to the dumping of untreated domestic sewage, effluents from coastal aquaculture, tourism, salt pans, cultivation of exotic seaweeds, and geogenic heavy-metal pollution, especially arsenic, mercury, cadmium, and lead. Low microbial-abundant sponge species, such as Gelliodes pumila and Cliona lobata , were found to be ubiquitously present in this reef environment. Triplicate samples of each of these sponge species were subjected to Illumina MiSeq sequencing using V3–V4 region-specific primers. In both C. lobata and G. pumila, there was an overwhelming dominance (98 and 99%) of phylum Candidatus Saccharibacteria and Proteobacteria , respectively . The overall number of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) was 68 (40 and 13 OTUs unique to G. pumila and C. lobata , respectively; 15 shared OTUs). Alphaproteobacteria was the most abundant class in both the sponge species. Unclassified species of phylum Candidatus Saccharibacteria from C. lobata and Chelotivorans composti from G. pumila were the most abundant bacterial species. The predominance of Alphaproteobacteria also revealed the occurrence of various xenobiotic-degrading, surfactant-producing bacterial genera in both the sponge species, indirectly indicating the possible polluted reef status of Palk Bay. Studies on sponge microbiomes at various understudied geographical locations might be helpful in predicting the status of reef environments.

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“…The switching of endosymbiont from Cladocopium to Durusdinium has been reported in adults of Acropora millepora in response to heat stress and, more recently, in Acropora spp. from Palk Bay (India) after the bleaching event in 2016 (Thinesh et al, 2019). In the disturbed reefs in Singapore, the higher bleaching resilience of Pocillopora was attributed to its association with thermotolerant Durusdinium (Guest et al, 2016).…”

Section: Symbiodiniaceae Community Associated With the Coral T Mesenterinamentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Symbiodiniaceae Association With Coral and Coral-Eroding Sponge in a Bleaching Impacted Marginal Coral Reef Environment

Mote

Gupta

et al. 2021

Front. Mar. Sci.

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Marginal reefs are known for severe stress-inducible perturbations such as high sedimentation, eutrophication, ocean warming, and acidification from anthropogenic climate change. The corals striving in such stressful environments develop physiological adaptations induced by differential genomic expressions or association with thermal stress-tolerant algal symbionts (Symbiodiniaceae). Despite such adaptations, corals are threatened by other space competitors such as algae and sponges. Coral-eroding sponges belonging to the Cliona viridis complex are one such space competitors that also associate with Symbiodiniaceae algal photosymbiont. The diversity of Symbiodiniaceae associates with the coral and sponge from the same ecosystems is scarcely known. In the present study, Symbiodiniaceae community structure in the coral Turbinaria mesenterina, a newly described coral-eroding sponge Cliona thomasi, and their surrounding seawater was determined from the nearshore marginal reef along the central west coast of India. The results revealed a significantly higher relative abundance of Durusdinium and Gerakladium than Symbiodinium and Cladocopium in the seawater. Interestingly, both investigated host species showed differential Symbiodiniaceae association with significantly higher abundance of Durusdinium in coral and Gerakladium in sponge. The beta diversity analysis by Permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) confirmed significant differences in Symbiodiniaceae profiles between sponge and coral. Durusdinium and Gerakladium are thermotolerant genera known to associate with different hosts in suboptimal conditions. Our field surveys suggested the bleaching resistance of the coral T. mesenterina despite the fact that the sea surface temperature reached the coral thermal threshold of 31°C during different periods of the years 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, and 2019. Therefore, the thermal tolerance of the investigated coral and sponge species may be attributed to their respective thermotolerant photosymbiont associations. Furthermore, the results also indicated the host-specific photosymbiont selection from the local environment. Although these observations provide valuable biological insight, more research is needed to understand the tripartite association of sponge-coral-symbiont together to evaluate the competitive fitness of holobionts.

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Differential bleaching and recovery pattern of southeast Indian coral reef to 2016 global mass bleaching event: Occurrence of stress-tolerant symbiont Durusdinium (Clade D) in corals of Palk Bay

Cited by 31 publications

References 43 publications

The 2014–2017 global-scale coral bleaching event: insights and impacts

The 2014–2017 global-scale coral bleaching event: insights and impacts

Diversity of a bacterial community associated with Cliona lobata Hancock and Gelliodes pumila (Lendenfeld, 1887) sponges on the South-East coast of India

Differential Symbiodiniaceae Association With Coral and Coral-Eroding Sponge in a Bleaching Impacted Marginal Coral Reef Environment

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