Differential brain distribution of gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptors in the goldfish

Peter, Richard; Rao, P. D. Prasada; Baby, Santhosh M.; Illing, Nicola; Millar, Robert P.

doi:10.1016/s0016-6480(03)00084-4

Cited by 22 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…GnRH receptors were detected with molecular techniques in retinal tissue of several different fish species [Madigou et al, 2000;Okubo et al, 2000;Robison et al, 2001;Moncaut et al, 2005], but were only recently localized to specific retinal cell types in a freshwater cichlid [Grens et al, 2005]. Descriptions of GnRH receptor localization (via in situ hybridization or immunocytochemistry) in the fish brain are only available for a few species [Madigou et al, 2000;Peter et al, 2003;Soga et al, 2005;Chen and Fernald, 2006], but examination within specific sensory processing areas such as the visual system are not available. Thus studies that examine target cells for GnRH action in the retina and visual brain and the modulatory potential of GnRH on visual processing at both retinal and central (tectum; diencephalon) levels within a single species are critical for understanding the functional significance of GnRH in visually-mediated behaviors.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone and Receptor Distributions in the Visual Processing Regions of Four Coral Reef Fishes

Maruska

Tricas

2007

Brain Behav Evol

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Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is widely distributed in the brain of fishes where it may function as a neuromodulator of sensory processing and behavior. Immunocytochemical and neuronal label experiments were conducted on species from four families of coral reef fishes (Chaetodontidae, butterflyfish; Pomacentridae, damselfish; Gobiidae, goby; and Labridae, wrasse) to assess conservation of GnRH targets in the visual processing retina and brain. In all species, GnRH-immunoreactive (-ir) axons from the terminal nerve project principally to the boundary between the inner plexiform (IPL) and inner nuclear (INL) layers of the retina, and are less prominent in the optic nerve, ganglion cell, IPL and INL. However, the density of GnRH innervation within the retina differed among fish species with highest concentrations in the damselfish and butterflyfish and lowest in the goby and wrasse. Experiments also show that GnRH receptors are associated with GnRH-ir axons within the fish retina primarily at the IPL-INL boundary, the region of light-dark adaptation and image processing of contrast, motion or color. GnRH-ir axons overlapped central projections of retinal ganglion cell axons primarily within the stratum album centrale and stratum griseum centrale of the tectum in all species, and were concentrated in several diencephalic visual processing centers. GnRH receptors are also localized to diencephalic visual centers and the stratum griseum periventriculare of the tectum, where motion perception and coordination of motor behavioral responses in three-dimensional space occur. This work demonstrates that the basic neural substrates for peptide-sensory convergence are conserved at multiple processing levels in the visual system of several reef fishes. Species differences in GnRH innervation to the retina and GnRH receptor distributions may be related to phylogeny, their use of vision in natural behaviors, or possibly binding properties of the antibodies. Future studies are needed to characterize the exact GnRH variants and receptor types found in these species so that possible functional consequences of GnRH influence on vision can be defined.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone and Receptor Distributions in the Visual Processing Regions of Four Coral Reef Fishes

Maruska

Tricas

2007

Brain Behav Evol

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“…In addition, different subtypes of GnRH receptor may be differentially distributed in the olfactory bulb, as has been reported for various regions of the nervous system in goldfish (Peter et al, 2003). In the retina of a cichlid fish, Astatotilapia (Haplochromis) burtoni, for example, differential distribution of two GnRH receptors has been reported: the type-I receptor is expressed in cells in the amacrine cell layer, while the type-II receptor is expressed in ganglion cells (Grens et al, 2005).…”

Section: Localization Of Gnrh Fibers and Receptors In The Olfactory Bulbmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…Unfortunately, however, few reports describe the distribution of GnRH receptors in the olfactory bulb in detail (Peter et al, 2003;Soga et al, 2005;Albertson et al, 2008). To date, one report indicates that in cichlid fish expression of the GnRHRIII subtype is restricted to the granule cell layer (Soga et al, 2005), and another demonstrates that in mice mitral cells express GnRHRI receptors (Albertson et al, 2008).…”

Section: Localization Of Gnrh Fibers and Receptors In The Olfactory Bulbmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal Variation in the Expression of Five Subtypes of Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone Receptor Genes in the Brain of Masu Salmon from Immaturity to Spawning

et al. 2005

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“…Thus, the peptides are supposed to diffuse for some distance to reach receptors on the neurons that are not only near the site of release but also in relatively distant locations (so-called "action at a distance" or "volume transmission" [14]). Actually, it has been reported that the GnRH receptors are not necessarily located in immediate proximity to the GnRH immunoreactive fibers in the extrahypothalamic brain regions [16][17][18]. In addition, the peptides released by such infrequent release events as described above are considered to work at very low concentrations because they have nanomolar affinity for their receptors compared with the micromolar affinity for "conventional neurotransmitters" [14].…”

Section: Information Processing By Peptides In the Brain As A Biologimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…But how does the GnRH peptide that is released from these neurons modulate the information processing of target neurons to control reproduction, especially reproductive behaviors? Recently, many researchers are interested in the forebrain olfactory and visual systems as target systems of GnRH neuromodulation because of the projection of TN-GnRH3 neurons [4,37,[42][43][44] and localization of GnRH receptors [16][17][18].…”

Section: Gnrh Peptides Modulate Sensory Information Processing Dependmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of Neuromodulation by a Nonhypophysiotropic GnRH System Controlling Motivation of Reproductive Behavior in the Teleost Brain

Abe

Oka

2011

Journal of Reproduction and Development

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Abstract. Fine tuning of the nervous system in response to intrinsic and extrinsic cues is necessary for successful reproductive behavior. Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) was originally identified as a hypophysiotropic hormone that facilitates the release of gonadotropins from the pituitary. Although later studies reported their presence, the nonhypophysiotropic GnRH systems, which consist of two groups located in the terminal nerve (TN) and the midbrain tegmentum, respectively, has long been overshadowed by the hypophysiotropic GnRH system. By taking advantage of the teleost brains in which all three GnRH systems are well developed, the anatomical and electrophysiological properties of all three groups of GnRH neurons have been studied. However, despite our increasing endocrinological knowledge, we know very little about the manner of information flow by nonhypophysiotropic neuromodulatory GnRH neurons in the brain. In this article, we will review recent advances in the studies of nonhypophysiotropic GnRH neurons from cellular to behavioral levels. We will first discuss general features of the information processing by peptides and then introduce our recent approaches toward the understanding of the excitation-secretion coupling mechanism of single GnRH neuron using our newly developed primary culture system of isolated TN-GnRH3 neurons. We also introduce autocrine/paracrine regulation of TN-GnRH3 neurons by NPFF peptides for synchronization among them. In addition, we highlight recent advances in the neuromodulatory action of GnRH peptide on the information processing of sensory neuronal circuits and reproductive behavior. These multidisciplinary approaches will greatly advance our understanding of the complex action of GnRH peptides in relation to the brain control of reproduction.Key words: Excitation-secretion coupling, GnRH, Neuromodulation, Reproductive behavior, Sensory modulation (J. Reprod. Dev. 57: [665][666][667][668][669][670][671][672][673][674] 2011) R eproduction is a pivotal process for the continuation and evolution of life, and every organism exists as the result of reproduction. To increase their fitness, animals should be able to flexibly control their physiological status in regard to reproductions in response to various intrinsic and extrinsic cues, including photoperiods, climate changes, social interactions, stress and nutrition, which are detected by corresponding sensory systems.In vertebrates, it has been well established that the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis plays an important role in the control of reproductive functions, such as control of the menstrual cycle, gonadal maturation and mating behavior, etc. GnRH was originally identified as a hypophysiotropic hormone that is produced in the preoptic area and facilitates the release of gonadotropins (luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone) from the pituitary. The release of GnRH is regulated by gonadal steroid feedback mechanisms. A growing body of evidence recently suggests the importance of the kiss...

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Differential brain distribution of gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptors in the goldfish

Cited by 22 publications

References 44 publications

Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone and Receptor Distributions in the Visual Processing Regions of Four Coral Reef Fishes

Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone and Receptor Distributions in the Visual Processing Regions of Four Coral Reef Fishes

Seasonal Variation in the Expression of Five Subtypes of Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone Receptor Genes in the Brain of Masu Salmon from Immaturity to Spawning

Mechanisms of Neuromodulation by a Nonhypophysiotropic GnRH System Controlling Motivation of Reproductive Behavior in the Teleost Brain

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