Differential Cardiopulmonary Health Impacts of Local and Long‐Range Transport of Wildfire Smoke

Magzamen, Sheryl; Gan, Ryan W.; Liu, Jingyang; O’Dell, Katelyn; Ford, Bonne; Berg, Kevin C. de; Bol, Kirk A.; Wilson, Ander; Fischer, Emily V.; Pierce, Jeffrey R.

doi:10.1029/2020gh000330

Cited by 50 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…We also calculated a pooled smoke‐specific RR using the US studies from Borchers Arriagada et al. ( 2019 ) (Alman et al., 2016 ; Delfino et al., 2009 ; Gan et al., 2017 ; Hutchinson et al., 2018 ; Le et al., 2014 ; Reid, Jerrett, et al., 2016 ; Resnick et al., 2015 ) and additional RRs from eastern US fires (Rappold et al., 2012 ; Tinling et al., 2016 ) as well as two recently published RRs based on smoke PM 2.5 from western US fires (Gan et al., 2020 ; Magzamen et al., 2021 ). RRs from these individual studies, the pooled RR, and meta‐analysis RR are plotted in Figure S3 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…On non‐smoke‐impacted days, smoke PM 2.5 was set to zero. These data have been previously used in atmospheric science, epidemiological, and economic studies of US smoke PM 2.5 (Abdo et al., 2019 ; Burkhardt et al., 2019 , 2020 ; Gan et al., 2020 ; Lipner et al., 2019 ; Magzamen et al., 2021 ; O’Dell et al., 2019 , 2020 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The meta-analysis RRs for the US are provided in the supplement of Borchers Arriagada et al (2019) and incorporate RRs from several different time lags (i.e., admissions/visits at different numbers of days after smoke PM2.5 exposure) but is similar in magnitude to the meta-analysis of lag-0-specific RRs for both asthma hospital admissions and asthma ED visits. We also calculated a pooled smoke-specific RR using the US studies from Borchers Arriagada et al ( 2019) (Alman et al, 2016;Delfino et al, 2009;Gan et al, 2017;Hutchinson et al, 2018;Le et al, 2014;Resnick et al, 2015) and additional RRs from eastern US fires (Rappold et al, 2012;Tinling et al, 2016) as well as two recently published RRs based on smoke PM2.5 from western US fires (Gan et al, 2020;Magzamen et al, 2021). RRs from these individual studies, the pooled RR, and meta-analysis RR are plotted in Figure S3.…”

Section: Accepted Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Acute exposure to smoke has negative impacts on human health (Cascio, 2018 ; Liu et al., 2015 ; Reid, Brauer, et al., 2016 , and references within), which may differ from the health effects of anthropogenic PM 2.5 due to differences in composition and exposure. Many epidemiological studies of acute exposure to smoke PM 2.5 have observed impacts on respiratory morbidity (e.g., Aguilera et al., 2021 ; DeFlorio‐Barker et al., 2019 ; Gan et al., 2020 ; Hutchinson et al., 2018 ; Magzamen et al., 2021 ; Rappold et al., 2012 ; Reid, Jerrett, et al., 2016 ). Impacts on mortality and cardiovascular morbidity are less certain (e.g., Reid, Brauer, et al., 2016 ), but evidence for these outcomes of acute smoke exposure is growing (e.g., Doubleday et al., 2020 ; Magzamen et al., 2021 ; Wettstein et al., 2018 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many epidemiological studies of acute exposure to smoke PM 2.5 have observed impacts on respiratory morbidity (e.g., Aguilera et al., 2021 ; DeFlorio‐Barker et al., 2019 ; Gan et al., 2020 ; Hutchinson et al., 2018 ; Magzamen et al., 2021 ; Rappold et al., 2012 ; Reid, Jerrett, et al., 2016 ). Impacts on mortality and cardiovascular morbidity are less certain (e.g., Reid, Brauer, et al., 2016 ), but evidence for these outcomes of acute smoke exposure is growing (e.g., Doubleday et al., 2020 ; Magzamen et al., 2021 ; Wettstein et al., 2018 ). Several recent works have investigated differences in asthma‐related and respiratory hospital admissions on smoke‐impacted days compared to non‐smoke‐impacted days and found larger concentration response functions for PM 2.5 on smoke‐impacted days (Aguilera et al., 2021 ; DeFlorio‐Barker et al., 2019 ; Kiser et al., 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Estimated Mortality and Morbidity Attributable to Smoke Plumes in the United States: Not Just a Western US Problem

et al. 2021

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As anthropogenic emissions continue to decline and emissions from landscape (wild, prescribed, and agricultural) fires increase across the coming century, the relative importance of landscape‐fire smoke on air quality and health in the United States (US) will increase. Landscape fires are a large source of fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ), which has known negative impacts on human health. The seasonal and spatial distribution, particle composition, and co‐emitted species in landscape‐fire emissions are different from anthropogenic sources of PM 2.5 . The implications of landscape‐fire emissions on the sub‐national temporal and spatial distribution of health events and the relative health importance of specific pollutants within smoke are not well understood. We use a health impact assessment with observation‐based smoke PM 2.5 to determine the sub‐national distribution of mortality and the sub‐national and sub‐annual distribution of asthma morbidity attributable to US smoke PM 2.5 from 2006 to 2018. We estimate disability‐adjusted life years (DALYs) for PM 2.5 and 18 gas‐phase hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) in smoke. Although the majority of large landscape fires occur in the western US, we find the majority of mortality (74%) and asthma morbidity (on average 75% across 2006–2018) attributable to smoke PM 2.5 occurs outside the West, due to higher population density in the East. Across the US, smoke‐attributable asthma morbidity predominantly occurs in spring and summer. The number of DALYs associated with smoke PM 2.5 is approximately three orders of magnitude higher than DALYs associated with gas‐phase smoke HAPs. Our results indicate awareness and mitigation of landscape‐fire smoke exposure is important across the US.

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