Differential Changes in the Milk Concentrations of Epidermal Growth Factor and Insulin-like Growth Factor-I during Lactation in the Tammar Wallaby, Macropus eugenii

Ballard, F. J.; Grbovac, S; Nicholas, KR; Pc, Owens; Read, Leanna C.

doi:10.1006/gcen.1995.1068

Cited by 18 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…This is in sharp contrast to eutherian mammals with their larger investment in gestation (97) and milk of a relatively constant composition, apart from the initial colostrum during the immediate postpartum period (42). Marsupial milk provides essential nutrients and putative growth factors for the development of the young, and cross-fostering experiments have shown that milk controls postnatal development (4,95). Endocrine and other factors, potentially intrinsic to the mammary gland, are likely to control milk secretion (36), and marsupial milk contains autocrine/paracrine regulators of the mammary gland (11,67).…”

Section: Marsupial Lactation: Mammary Gland Sequencing Of the Marsupimentioning

confidence: 88%

Evolution of Lactation: Ancient Origin and Extreme Adaptations of the Lactation System

Lefèvre

Sharp

Nicholas

2010

Annu. Rev. Genom. Hum. Genet.

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142

107

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Lactation, an important characteristic of mammalian reproduction, has evolved by exploiting a diversity of strategies across mammals. Comparative genomics and transcriptomics experiments have now allowed a more in-depth analysis of the molecular evolution of lactation. Milk cell and mammary gland genomic studies have started to reveal conserved milk proteins and other components of the lactation system of monotreme, marsupial, and eutherian lineages. These analyses confirm the ancient origin of the lactation system and provide useful insight into the function of specific milk proteins in the control of lactation. These studies also illuminate the role of milk in the regulation of growth and development of the young beyond simple nutritive aspects.

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Section: Marsupial Lactation: Mammary Gland Sequencing Of the Marsupimentioning

confidence: 88%

Evolution of Lactation: Ancient Origin and Extreme Adaptations of the Lactation System

Lefèvre

Sharp

Nicholas

2010

Annu. Rev. Genom. Hum. Genet.

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142

107

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“…Some insights regarding the possible functions of WAP have been proposed [8,9,20,[28][29][30][31]. For example, it has been suggested that WAP may be a source of cysteine for hair growth of pouch young because WAP contains a large number of cysteine residues [9].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibitory Function of Whey Acidic Protein in the Cell-Cycle Progression of Mouse Mammary Epithelial Cells (EpH4/K6 Cells)

Ikeda

Nukumi

Iwamori

et al. 2004

Journal of Reproduction and Development

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Abstract. Although the biological role for whey acidic protein (WAP) in milk has been suggested, its true function is not known. This paper describes evidence for WAP function in the cell-cycle progression of EpH4/K6 (EpH4), mammary epithelial cells in vitro. The forced expression of exogenous WAP significantly impaired the proliferation of EpH4 cells, whereas it did not affect that of . Recently, it has also isolated from the milk of pigs [5,6], and three marsupial species, tamer wallaby [7], red kangaroo [8], and brushtail possum [9]. Expression of the WAP gene is regulated by lactogenic hormones, and the level of mo use WAP m RN A in the m am m ary gla nds incr eases t hous ands -fo ld between non-lactation and mid-lactation [10]. WAP proteins have a signal peptide [11] and two domain structures that are identified at the fourdisulfide core (4-DSC) domain, which is composed o f ei g h t c y s t ei n e r es id ue s i n a c o ns er v ed arrangement [12]. The 4-DSC domain arrangement is not exclusive to the WAP family, and a number of other proteins containing 4-DSC domains have been identified as protease inhibitors [11,[13][14][15][16], comprising either single or multiple copies of the 4-DSC domain. Generally, these proteins are secreted and may function as protease inhibitors [17,18]. Thus, based on the limited sequence identity with a known protease inhibitor, it has been postulated that WAP may be a secreting protease inhibitor [18,19], and its biological function has been suggested.

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“…These events occurred while fostered PY were still sucking milk from their host mothers. Milk contains a rich source of factors and hormones for growth and development of the neonate (Ballard et al, 1995;Donovan and Odle, 1994;Grosvenor et al, 1993;Polk, 1992) and given that growth and development were accelerated in the fostered animals in this study, it is possible that the milk consumed by the fostered PY, which was from a later stage of lactation, contains factor(s) involved in the down-regulation of the gastric glandular type specialised cells in the fore-stomach.…”

Section: Down-regulation Of Gastric-type Specialised Cells In the Formentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Based on studies in other animal models, there is convincing evidence to suggest that milk-borne factors regulate functional development of the neonatal gut (Berseth et al, 1983;Xu, 1996;Yamashiro et al, 1989). The increase in both epidermal growth factor (EGF) and insulin growth factor-I (IGF-I) during tammar wallaby lactation (Ballard et al, 1995) may play a role in stomach development of pouch young. Consistent with this, EGF and IGF-I augmented DNA synthesis in stomach and small intestine of suckling rats (Berseth, 1987;Puccio and Lehy, 1988) and increased mitotic activity of small intestinal crypts in newborn piglets (Xu et al, 1994).…”

Section: Down-regulation Of Gastric-type Specialised Cells In the Formentioning

confidence: 98%

Cross-fostering of the tammar wallaby (Macropus eugenii) pouch young accelerates fore-stomach maturation

Kwek

Iongh

Digby

et al. 2009

Mechanisms of Development

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There are two phases of fore-stomach development during the first 200 days of pouch life in tammar wallaby. For the first 170 days, the mucosa displays an immature gastric glandular phenotype that changes to a cardia glandular phenotype, which remains for the rest of the animal's life. During this 200-day period after birth, the pouch young (PY) is dependent on maternal milk, which progressively changes in composition. We showed previously that PY cross-fostered to host mothers at a later stage of lactation accelerated development. In this study, we investigated whether cross-fostering and exposure to late lactation stage milk affected the transition to cardia glandular phenotype. In fostered PY fore-stomach, there was increased apoptosis, but no change in cell proliferation. The parietal cell population was significantly reduced, and expression of gastric glandular phenotype marker genes (ATP4A, GKN2, GHRL and NDRG2) was down-regulated, suggesting down-regulation of gastric phenotype in fostered PY fore-stomach. The expression of cardia glandular phenotype genes (MUC4, KRT20, CSTB, ITLN2 and LPLUNC1) was not changed in fostered PY. These data suggest that fore-stomach maturation proceeds via two temporally distinct processes: down-regulation of gastric glandular phenotype and initiation of cardia glandular phenotype. In fostered PY, these two processes appear uncoupled, as gastric glandular phenotype was down-regulated but cardia glandular phenotype was not initiated. We propose that milk from later stages of lactation and/or herbage consumed by the PY may play independent roles in regulating these two processes.

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Differential Changes in the Milk Concentrations of Epidermal Growth Factor and Insulin-like Growth Factor-I during Lactation in the Tammar Wallaby, Macropus eugenii

Cited by 18 publications

References 0 publications

Evolution of Lactation: Ancient Origin and Extreme Adaptations of the Lactation System

Evolution of Lactation: Ancient Origin and Extreme Adaptations of the Lactation System

Inhibitory Function of Whey Acidic Protein in the Cell-Cycle Progression of Mouse Mammary Epithelial Cells (EpH4/K6 Cells)

Cross-fostering of the tammar wallaby (Macropus eugenii) pouch young accelerates fore-stomach maturation

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