Differential Characteristics of Milk Produced in Grazing Systems and Their Impact on Dairy Products

Descalzo, Adriana María; Rossetti, Luciana; Páez, Roxana; Grigioni, G.; García, Pedro González; Costabel, Luciana María; Negri, L.; Antonacci, Liliana Elisabet; Salado, Eloy Eduardo; Bretschneider, Gustavo; Gagliostro, Gerardo Antonio; Comeron, E. A.; Taverna, Miguel Angel

doi:10.5772/50760

Cited by 16 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…In addition to being a source of proteins, lipids, vitamins and minerals, milk exerts other beneficial properties due to the presence of numerous bioactive molecules (Descalzo et al, 2012). In addition to being a source of proteins, lipids, vitamins and minerals, milk exerts other beneficial properties due to the presence of numerous bioactive molecules (Descalzo et al, 2012).…”

Section: Enhancing Milk Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Milk and milk products produced on pasture-based systems can therefore be considered as a functional food, exhibiting health benefits beyond their nutritional value. In addition to being a source of proteins, lipids, vitamins and minerals, milk exerts other beneficial properties due to the presence of numerous bioactive molecules (Descalzo et al, 2012). Milk derived from pasture-based diets contains higher levels of natural antioxidants, a particular profile of volatile compounds and a higher content of functional fatty acids.…”

Section: Enhancing Milk Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Some challenges and opportunities for grazing dairy cows on temperate pastures

Wilkinson

Lee

Rivero

et al. 2019

Grass and Forage Science

102

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Grazing plays an important role in milk production in most regions of the world. In this review, some challenges to the grazing cow are discussed together with opportunities for future improvement. We focus on daily feed intake, efficiency of pasture utilization, output of milk per head, environmental impact of grazing and the nutritional quality to humans of milk produced from dairy cows in contrasting production systems. Challenges are discussed in the context of a trend towards increased size of individual herds and include limited and variable levels of daily herbage consumption, lower levels of milk output per cow, excessive excretion of nitrogenous compounds and requirements for minimal periods of grazing regardless of production system.A major challenge is to engage more farmers in making appropriate adjustments to their grazing management. In relation to product quality, the main challenge is to demonstrate enhanced nutritional/processing benefits of milk from grazed cows.Opportunities include more accurate diet formulations, supplementation of grazed pasture to match macro-and micronutrient supply with animal requirement and plant breeding. The application of robotics and artificial intelligence to pasture management will assist in matching daily supply to animal requirement. Wider consumer recognition of the perceived enhanced nutritional value of milk from grazed cows, together with greater appreciation of the animal health, welfare and behavioural benefits of grazing should contribute to the future sustainability of demand for milk from dairy cows on pasture. K E Y W O R D Sgrazed pasture, grazing management, herbage intake, milk production, milk quality, nitrogen use efficiency Highlights• Grazing plays a central role in the nutrition of dairy cows in many regions of the world.• Challenges to efficient management of grazed pastures include variable herbage supply and low herbage intake, which limit milk output per head.• Opportunities for improved efficiency include more accurate diet formulation, breeding superior plant cultivars to improve ruminal efficiency and enhance product nutritional quality, application of robotics, sensors and artificial intelligence to improve grazing management and pasture utilization, and wider consumer recognition of the perceived enhanced value of milk from grazed cows.TA B L E 1 Average size of dairy herd, average annual milk yield per cow and average annual output of milk per herd in New Zealand,

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Section: Enhancing Milk Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Enhancing Milk Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Some challenges and opportunities for grazing dairy cows on temperate pastures

Wilkinson

Lee

Rivero

et al. 2019

Grass and Forage Science

102

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The growing interest in the increase of liposoluble vitamins in milk by natural means in linked to their beneficial effects on human health [19]. Among these compounds, vitamin E (α-tocopherol), the carotenoid precursors of vitamin A (β-carotene and lutein) and vitamin A (retinol) are important for human nutrition and health as natural antioxidants [1]. Lutein can also be used as a biomarker of pasture-feeding since animals cannot synthesize this molecule [75].…”

Section: Nutritional Healthy Value Of Milkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Milk production systems in Argentina are moving towards more intensified farms to release land for the cultivation of soy (Glycine max) which is considered a more profitable activity than milk production [1]. Accordingly, pasture based systems are being gradually replaced by confined systems in which dairy cows are fed the total mixed rations (TMR) which would allow the expression of the milk production potential of high yielding dairy cows [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Productive Response of Dairy Cows Fed with Different Levels of Totally Mixed Ration and Pasture

Salado¹,

Bretschneider²,

Cuatrín³

et al. 2018

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Forty multiparous Holstein cows in early lactation (66 ± 19 days) were assigned to one of four treatments that consisted in different ratios of total mixed rations (TMR) and pasture at 100% TMR (T0), 75:25 (T1) 50:50 (T2) and 25:75 (T3) over 9 weeks in autumn-winter. Measures of rumen parameters and digestion were performed on 4 additional Holstein cows in late lactation (287 days postpartum) fitted with permanent ruminal fistulae and producing 22.6 (±5.4) kg milk in a 4 × 4 Latin Square design. In T1 to T3 cows were taken to the grazing plot once they finished the pre-planned TMR intake and pasture was offered at 2 times the expected forage DM intake. Milk was analyzed for chemical composition, milk fatty acid (FA) profile and antioxidant compounds. The cows were individually weighed and body condition score (BCS) was determined. After the morning milking, blood samples were taken every 2 weeks and plasma was analyzed for glucose, urea, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), insulin, growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I). Herbage mass in pre grazing strips of pasture averaged 2540 ± 343 kg DM/ha. As TMR intake increased, production variables increased linearly excepting milk fat (3.88 g/100g) and milk protein (3.43 g/100g) contents that were not affected. Milk yield (kg/cow/d) resulted maximal in T0 (34.2) and linearly decreased (p < 0.01) with pasture intake averaging 32.1 (T1), 28.4 (T2) and 26.8 (T3) as a higher energy intake and a lower energy cost associated with grazing activity. Milk fat output (kg/cow/d) resulted higher in T0 (1.35) and T1 (1.25) compared to T2 (1.10) and T3 (1.04). Milk protein yield (kg/cow/d) was also higher in T0 (1.18) and T1 (1.11) compared to T2 (0.96) and T3 (0.92). Total DM (24.09 kg/cow/d) and energy (41.95

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“…Contrary to these negative claims, several studies increased the knowledge concerning the nutritional value and characteristics of milk, showing that it can be considered a multifunctional food product. Besides providing proteins, lipids, vitamins and minerals (Steinmetz et al, 1994;Atti et al, 2006;Collomb et al, 2008;Descalzo et al, 2012), recent research has shown that some milk fatty acids (FAs), particularly conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), have further beneficial effects on the health status of people by exhibiting anti-carcinogenic, anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory benefits (Gavino et al, 1999: Khanal & Dhiman, 2004. The Jersey breed is popular among pasture-based dairy farmers, especially in the Southern Cape area of South Africa (Muller et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Milk fatty acid composition and conjugated linoleic acid content of Jersey and Fleckvieh x Jersey cows in a pasture-based feeding system

Sasanti¹,

Abel²,

Muller³

et al. 2015

SA J. An. Sci.

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A number of fatty acids (FAs), such as omega-3, omega-6 and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), which are present in the milk from dairy cows are considered essential FAs and beneficial nutrients for humans. The aim of the study was to compare the milk FA content, particularly the CLA, omega-3 and omega-6 FA content of the milk fat of Jersey and Fleckvieh x Jersey (F x J) cows in a pasture-based feeding system. All cows were fed the same diet consisting of kikuyu-ryegrass pasture in a rotational grazing system supplemented with a standard commercial concentrate mixture at 7 kg per cow per day. Five milk samples were collected every five weeks from 10 days after calving, that is, days in milk (DIM) up to 175 DIM. In addition, two samples were collected every five weeks from 240 DIM to the end of the lactation period. Sampling was done at the evening and following morning's milking session and pooled for each cow. Samples were kept frozen at −20 ºC until laboratory analysis by gas chromatography. Thirty six FAs were detected and concentration levels determined. Higher levels of total CLA (0.74 ± 0.02 vs. 0.63 ± 0.02 g FA/100 g fat), linoleic acid (1.51 ± 0.03 vs. 1.36 ± 0.04 g FA/100 g fat) and total omega-6 FAs (1.74 ± 0.04 vs. 1.54 ± 0.05 g FA/100 g fat) were recorded in the milk fat of F x J cows in comparison with Jersey cows, respectively. Increases in total CLA and the c9,t11 CLA isomers in the milk of Jersey and F x J cows followed the same trend, showing an increase from the beginning to the end of the lactation period. Similarly, the CLA content of the milk fat showed an increase with lactation stage for both breeds. ______________________________________________________________________________________

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Differential Characteristics of Milk Produced in Grazing Systems and Their Impact on Dairy Products

Cited by 16 publications

References 53 publications

Some challenges and opportunities for grazing dairy cows on temperate pastures

Some challenges and opportunities for grazing dairy cows on temperate pastures

Productive Response of Dairy Cows Fed with Different Levels of Totally Mixed Ration and Pasture

Milk fatty acid composition and conjugated linoleic acid content of Jersey and Fleckvieh x Jersey cows in a pasture-based feeding system

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